The teratogenic effects of
prenatal alcohol exposure on the developing brain can lead to neurodevelopmental deficits in the child.10 At high levels of
exposure, and during vulnerable time points during pregnancy,
prenatal alcohol exposure has cognitive and behavioural impacts that may affect a child's academic performance and behaviour.11 12 In addition to in utero effects of
alcohol, children exposed to
heavy parental
alcohol use postnatally have been identified as having abnormal developmental and social trajectories.