Hot and Cold are
held at constant temperature by external sources.
The right side of the wall is
held at a constant temperature of 10 °C, as with the first few examples, but the other surface of the wall now has a constant input of heat and we want to find out the temperature of that surface.
Here how it works: Think of the ocean as an open pot of warm water with constant heat input (TSI) at a level where water is
held at constant temperature by evaporation and internal convection.
As you say «Simples» Think of the ocean as an open pot of warm water with constant heat input (TSI) at a level where water is
held at constant temperature by evaporation and internal convection.
Not exact matches
Fig 1 Days it takes (y - axis) for 50 % of flea eggs to hatch
at different ambient
temperatures (x-axis) while relative humidity is
held constant at 75 %.
Now since relative humidity remains roughly
constant at the ocean surface and the air's capacity to
hold water increases with
temperature, relative humidity will actually decrease over land, particularly as one enters the continental interiors.
Radiative forcing RF
at a level is equal to a decrease in net upward flux (either SW, LW, or both; the greenhouse effect refers to LW forcing)
at that given level, due to a change in (optical) properties, while
holding temperatures constant.
In that case, while
holding temperatures constant and non-photon material
at LTE, along a path, absent scattering and reflection, the intensity is always tending to approach the local blackbody value; it will not actually reach the blackbody value if the
temperature varies along the path with the same tendency.
Indeed, over the last 15 years the observed
temperatures are even less than the IPCC projections for the case where emissions were
held constant at the 2000 level.
In this example, because the system is
holding both surfaces
at a
constant temperature we have a
constant (and continuous) flow of heat between surfaces.
This comparison shows the observed global mean
temperatures (GMT) are less than model projections if human CO2 emission were
held constant at the 2000 level.
If we
hold the latent and sensible heat fluxes
constant, keep the atmosphere upward - downward ratio the same, and assume both surface and atmosphere emissivities
at 1.0, then when we narrow the window ever so slightly, the surface
temperature increases.
Aquaria in the short - term experiment were
held in a seawater bath
at a
constant temperature (Titan 1500 chiller unit, Aqua Medic) to reflect either the annual mean
temperature of the study site (10.24 ± 0.02 °C; see electronic supplementary material, figure S2) or a warming scenario of +4 °C (14.36 ± 0.12 °C; see electronic supplementary material, figure S2).