Sentences with phrase «hemispheric land»

For either choice of base period, the hemispheric land area with extremely hot temperature anomaly (> +3 σ) is more than a factor of 10 larger in recent years than in the 1930s

There is a large annual variation due to differences in hemispheric land areas.

Using WBGT as a measure of environmental conditions conducive to heat stress, we show that anthropogenic influence has very substantially increased the likelihood of extreme high summer mean WBGT in northern hemispheric land areas relative to the climate that would have prevailed in the absence of anthropogenic forcing.

Not exact matches

A number of recent studies indicate that effects of urbanisation and land use change on the land - based temperature record are negligible (0.006 ºC per decade) as far as hemispheric - and continental - scale averages are concerned because the very real but local effects are avoided or accounted for in the data sets used.

The compilation of a hemispheric or global land surface data time series from irregularly distributed (in time and space) historical thermometer observations can never be «correct» in an absolute sense.

This conflicts with the Jones et al. (2001) global land instrumental temperature data (Figure 2.1), and the combined hemispheric and global land and marine data (Figure 2.7), where clear warming is not seen until the beginning of the 20th century.

«Our estimate for the mean soot effect on spectrally integrated albedos in the Arctic (1.5 %) and Northern Hemisphere land areas (3 %) yields a Northern Hemisphere forcing of 0.3 W m2 or an effective hemispheric forcing of 0.6 W m2.»

However, this would increase the seasonal differences in the Southern Hemisphere and tend to make both hemispheric means less consistent with the land data.

The NASA GISS record had a land mask applied; the HadCRU curve is the simple land average, not the hemispheric - weighted one.

The standard deviation of the monthly MSU 2R anomalies has a much more zonally symmetric structure (Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) so that relative to the surface there is a much larger contribution from the northern oceans and a generally smaller contribution over land and near the equator to the hemispheric and global means.

Another paper in Climate Change in 2007 stated: Studies that have looked at hemispheric and global scales conclude that any urban - related trend is an order of magnitude smaller than decadal and longer time - scale trends evident in the series (e.g., Jones et al., 1990; Peterson et al., 1999)... Thus, the global land warming trend discussed is very unlikely to be influenced significantly by increasing urbanization (Parker, 2006).

Some examples from energy balance model calculations indicate that: (1) solar variability has a near - global response, with the amplitude of response slightly larger over land; (2) volcanism has a proportionately larger amplitude of response over land than over ocean; and (3) the most oft - cited mode of internal variability, changes in the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation, has a hemispheric asymmetry in response.

For the global - scale averages (global land and ocean, land - only, ocean - only, and hemispheric time series), the reference period is adjusted to the 20th Century average for conceptual simplicity (the period is more familiar to more people, and establishes a longer - term average).

Global and hemispheric temperature anomalies — land and marine instrumental records.

This decline in snow cover is significant because, compared with other land cover types, snow has a very high albedo and climate feedbacks are felt on local, regional, and even hemispheric scales.