He limits his definition
of hierarchical control (iii) to those rules or constraints which arise within such a collection of elements but which affect individual elements of the collection.
Theoretical biology must face this problem as fundamental,
since hierarchical control is the essential and distinguishing characteristic of life (1970, p. 120).
Task allocation operates without any central or
hierarchical control to direct individuals into particular tasks.
It is the papal system with
its hierarchical control and false doctrines that present a danger to Protestantism, this country, and its people.
Additionally, learning a third (L3) language involves adapting the control structure of native language (L1) and non-native language (L2): speakers might create a non-hierarchical control system comprising separate branches for L1, L2 and L3, or they build
a hierarchical control structure with distinct systems for native language (L1) and non-native language (L2, L3).