The CSIRO projections are for no change in rainfall in the summer, both in the low and
the high global warming scenarios.
These assumed that the largest decreases in rainfall would be in winter and spring (decreases of 5 % and 11 % between 1990 and 2030 on the low and
high global warming scenarios respectively), but rainfall was fractionally HIGHER in winter / spring in the more recent period (1995 - 2006) than in the previous 11 - year period.
The CSIRO projections are for an INCREASE of 1.5 % (low global warming scenario) and 3.5 % (high warming scenario) in rainfall in summer and autumn; and for a DECREASE of 3 % (low global warming scenario) and 7.5 % (
high global warming scenario) in winter and spring.
In summer and autumn the CSIRO projections were for smaller decreases in rainfall than in winter and spring, but the observed change was a substantial decrease: in fact, as large a decrease between the successive 11 - year periods as CSIRO projected on
the high global warming scenario over the 40 - year period from 1990 to 2030.
Not exact matches
With these
scenarios in mind, the researchers identified what measures can be taken to slow the rate of
global warming to avoid the worst consequences, particularly the low - probability
high - impact events.
Carbon dioxide emissions continue to track the
high end of emission
scenarios, eroding the chances to keep
global warming below 2 °C, and placing increased pressure on world leaders ahead of the United Nations Climate Summit on the 23rd September.
On the
high end, recent work suggests that 4 feet is plausible.23, 3,6,7,8 In the context of risk - based analysis, some decision makers may wish to use a wider range of
scenarios, from 8 inches to 6.6 feet by 2100.10,2 In particular, the
high end of these
scenarios may be useful for decision makers with a low tolerance for risk (see Figure 2.26 on
global sea level rise).10, 2 Although scientists can not yet assign likelihood to any particular
scenario, in general,
higher emissions
scenarios that lead to more
warming would be expected to lead to
higher amounts of sea level rise.
«It is ironic that
high concentrations of molecules with
high global warming potential (GWP), the worst - case
scenario for Earth's climate, is the optimal
scenario for detecting an alien civilization, as GWP increases with stronger infrared absorption and longer atmospheric lifetime,» say the authors.
For
global warming scenarios, additional forcing comes into play: surface
warming and enhanced
high - latitude precipitation, which will also reduce density of northern surface waters (an effect which alone has shut down deep water formation in some model experiments, e.g. Manabe and Stouffer 1993, 1994).
Under a medium
global warming scenario, by the 2040s we predict the number of monthly heat records globally to be more than 12 times as
high as in a climate with no long - term
warming.
Secondly, Treasury's horrifying «
High price»
scenario is the only one that would limit
global warming to 2 °C.
Their sensitivity is assessed in several configurations under a
high - end
global warming scenario over the time range 1976 — 2100.
The last time in Earth history when the
global average surface temperature was as
warm as the IPCC projects for 2100 in its mid-range
scenarios, there was very little polar ice and sea level would have been roughly 70 meters (over 200 feet)
higher than at present.
Global warming potential in 2030 in the high - growth scenario suggests that short - lived forcing of ~ 4.5 gigatons of black carbon from Arctic shipping may increase the global warming potential due to ships» carbon dioxide emissions (~ 42,000 gigagrams) by some 17 - 78 pe
Global warming potential in 2030 in the
high - growth
scenario suggests that short - lived forcing of ~ 4.5 gigatons of black carbon from Arctic shipping may increase the
global warming potential due to ships» carbon dioxide emissions (~ 42,000 gigagrams) by some 17 - 78 pe
global warming potential due to ships» carbon dioxide emissions (~ 42,000 gigagrams) by some 17 - 78 percent.
At the
high - end
scenario of
global warming, in which
global average temperatures increase to 8.46 degrees Fahrenheit above 1986 - 2005 average levels by 2100, the report found that «the combination of
high temperature and humidity in some areas for parts of the year is projected to compromise normal human activities, including growing food or working outdoors.»
Forty
global climate model projections using the A2
scenario from the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report have been analysed, and a number of simulations that project a
high - end
warming of 4 °C or more by the 2090s (relative to the preindustrial period) were found.
Forecasts of future ice sheet behavior appear even more uncertain: Under the same
high —
global warming scenario, eight ice sheet models predicted anywhere between 0 and 27 cm of sea level rise in 2100 from Greenland melt.
«Too expensive to act»: Some contrarians admit that
global warming exists, is caused by humans, and indeed has harmful effects, but assert that it is too expensive to mitigate
global warming (they ignore the principle of risk management, use economic
scenarios that ignore benefits of new technologies, assume a
high «discount rate», and ignore devastating future economic costs of unbridled
global warming).