Such
a high share of renewables requires significant adaptation of energy markets to create fair and sustainable conditions for their further growth.
The highest shares of renewable energy are in states with plentiful hydro - power resources, such as Sweden, Finland and Austria.
Uneven uptake, barriers ranging from technology and financial risks, and integration challenges in markets with
high shares of renewables persist.
«This shift towards
a higher share of renewables clearly means a transformation of our energy system,» said spokesperson Beate Baron at the Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy (BMWI) in Berlin.
http://www.scidev.net/global/energy/news/green-energy-developing-world-renewable-energy.html Developing countries that already have
a high share of renewable energy in their power mix are unlikely to grow this share further due to skyrocketing demand for cheap electricity, a report warns.
So what we see is a move toward a system of integrating
high shares of renewables.
This guidance document shows that modern district energy as the most effective approach for many cities to transition to sustainable heating and cooling, by improving energy efficiency and enabling
higher shares of renewables.
This trend is mostly driven by the rapid growth of two - and three - wheelers in China but also results from electric cars in European markets with
high shares of renewable generation.
Not exact matches
First, increase the
share of renewable energy sources, such as wind and hydro - power, in the fuel mix and as a result maintain
high energy independence.
In energy systems heavily reliant on coal (as in China and India), where
renewable alternatives are less readily available (notably in some industrial sectors), or where seasonal flexibility is required to integrate
high shares of variable
renewables, gas plays an important role.
Although coal - fired power generation may not be flexible enough to make up for the variability
of wind power at the source region, the «hybrid - by - wire» strategy allows the lines to have a
high utilization rate, and provides the flexibility to increase the
share of renewable transmission in the future.
Denmark, Spain and Portugal have relatively
high renewable energy
shares, driven by use
of wind and solar.
The flexibility provided by demand - side response is therefore both a valuable resource facilitating the integration
of a
high share of variable
renewables, and a symbol
of the shift away from the traditional paradigm
of supply following demand.
McGuinty ceded that his proposals to implement
renewables were poorly planned and managed;
renewable projects were taken over by deep pocketed oil companies that would foist them on people in notably contentious locations giving wind a bad name,
high FITs that did not adjust to market forces over the long term, no comprehensive agreement with neighbours for better power
sharing agreements, no power storage strategy, no coordinated conservation or efficiency plan that included distributed generation, CHP, microCHP, automated demand response management, and worst
of all there was no options analysis
of subsidies to various producers.
One Planet Living principle Masdar Target ZERO CARBON 100 per cent
of energy supplied by
renewable energy — Photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, wind, waste to energy and other technologies ZERO WASTE 99 per cent diversion
of waste from landfill (includes waste reduction measures, re-use
of waste wherever possible, recycling, composting, waste to energy) SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT Zero carbon emissions from transport within the city; implementation
of measures to reduce the carbon cost
of journeys to the city boundaries (through facilitating and encouraging the use
of public transport, vehicle
sharing, supporting low emissions vehicle initiatives) SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS Specifying
high recycled materials content within building products; tracking and encouraging the reduction
of embodied energy within material sand throughout the construction process; specifying the use
of sustainable materials such as Forest Stewardship Council certified timber, bamboo and other products SUSTAINABLE FOOD Retail outlets to meet targets for supplying organic food and sustainable and or fair trade products SUSTAINABLE WATER Per capita water consumption to be at least 50 per cent less than the national average; all waste water to be re-used HABITATS AND WILDLIFE All valuable species to be conserved or relocated with positive mitigation targets CULTURE AND HERITAGE Architecture to integrate local values.
Demand - side response is one
of several measures that can help integrate
higher shares of variable
renewables, including electricity storage, greater interconnection and more flexible power plants.
In other AEO cases that assume the continuation
of tax credits or other policies that support nonhydro
renewables, their overall generation and generation
share relative to hydropower is much
higher.
The report argues that, even if electricity demand were to grow at around 1 to 1.5 per cent per annum between 2010 and 2020 and fossil fuel prices were to remain relatively
high, the
share of renewables in UK electricity sales is only expected to increase to around 10.25 per cent by 2015.
This would translate to an average increase
of 1.2 % per year in
renewables»
share of the energy mix — a rate seven times
higher than in recent years.
Together,
renewables and nuclear provided about 33 %
of overall U.S. electricity production in 2015, the
highest share on record.
Over 2012 - 14, 13 out
of 20
high impact countries improved their
share of renewable energy in TFEC, primarily by accelerating modern
renewables.
The
share of renewable energy in TFEC exceeded 30 percent in four
of the 20
high impact countries - Nigeria, Brazil, Indonesia and India.
Even as their
share grows, variable
renewables face serious economic challenges at
higher levels
of integration.
An excerpt from NACS» press release on the recent study notes, «The cumulative effect
of the two mandates is that
renewable fuels will be required to represent a significantly greater
share of the market than originally anticipated — perhaps as much as 40 %, or four times
higher than today.»
* Planned,
high cost «wind farms» would not be built if a large
share of the cost were not being shifted to (and hidden in bills paid by) taxpayers and electric customers via generous federal tax shelters and the Texas «
Renewable Portfolio Standard.»
These excerpts are interesting: «The overall global
renewable energy
share by 2050 could be as
high as 87.1 %
of final energy supply.»
And despite the steep, expensive rise in power generated by
renewables since about 2000, Germany still obtained about 44 %
of its power from coal as
of 2014, which is a
higher share than in the United States (33 % as
of 2015).
In 2015 the
share of renewables in the country's domestic energy mix increased to 33 %, At the same time, Germany managed to cut down its power consumption in the past year by 3.8 %, despite a booming economy (+1.4 %) which generally translates into a
higher energy demand, by using LED technology and energy saving measures.
This publication — which is rooted in seven case studies comprising 15 countries — gauges the economic significance
of the integration impacts
of variable
renewable energy; highlights the need for a system - wide approach to integrating
high shares of variable
renewable energy; and recommends how to achieve a cost - effective transformation
of the power system.
The US has over 2,000 hydropower plants which supplies a 96 %
share (in total) or about 50 % from clean usage (or a tad
higher)
of the total US
renewable energy sources making it the largest.
Energy - intensive industries common in the Nordic countries — such as iron and steel — have a relatively
high share of process - related emissions, which can not be mitigated through energy efficiency or
renewable energy.