Sentences with phrase «high temperature observations»

Not exact matches

The field work was complemented with high - temperature high - pressure experiments in the laboratory to replicate the hydrothermal observations and to suggest mechanisms for the processes.

Lava lakes directly exposed to space without an atmosphere would create local hot spots of high temperatures, so they are not the best explanation for the Spitzer observations, scientists said.

His seminal paper, published in the Journal of Geophysical Research in 1952, is also famous for its tongue - in - cheek lecture on the uncertainties inherent in extrapolating laboratory and proxy observations to the high pressure and high temperature interiors of planets.

These are temperature dependent near - and far - field Raman spectroscopy with different lasers (for the investigation of electronic and vibrational properties), high resolution transmission electron spectroscopy (for the direct observation of carbyne inside the carbon nanotubes) and x-ray scattering (for the confirmation of bulk chain growth).

We argue that KELT - 18b's high temperature and low surface gravity, which yield an estimated ~ 600 km atmospheric scale height, combined with its hot, bright host make it an excellent candidate for observations aimed at atmospheric characterization.

However, we also specifically show how high - contrast AO and speckle imaging observations detect companions at larger separations ($ \ theta \ geq $ 0.02 - 0.05») that are missed by the spectroscopic technique, provide additional information for characterizing the companion and its potential contamination (e.g., PA, separation, $ \ Delta $ m), and cover a wider range of primary star effective temperatures.

Depending on the time of the observation correction approach chosen, the resulting temperature trends between 1979 and 2016 ranged from as low as 0.13 C per decade to as high as 0.22 C per decade.

However, comparison of the global, annual mean time series of near - surface temperature (approximately 0 to 5 m depth) from this analysis and the corresponding SST series based on a subset of the International Comprehensive Ocean - Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) database (approximately 134 million SST observations; Smith and Reynolds, 2003 and additional data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2005.

We confirm previous observation of high temperature laser cooling, and provide a modified criterion to judge when laser cooling is efficient.

The observations made possible by the band 9 receivers allow astronomers to study molecular clouds — the dense regions of gas and dust where new stars are being born — at higher temperatures and densities, and with higher angular resolution, thus complementing the longer wavelength bands.

Their high mass leads to easier radial velocity and microlensing observations, and their large size and young warmer temperatures lead to easier transiting and direct imaging detections.

The study starts with observations of eroding ice sheets spreading, cooler freshwater at both ends of the planet and geological hints of tempestuous conditions toward the end of the Eemian, that last interval between ice ages when global temperatures and seas were higher than now.

In some cases, reviewers and / or editors supportive of mainstream views totally block important papers from being published; McKitrick, McIntyre and Herman had to completely rewrite their recent paper — showing that high tropical tropospheric temperature trends for the last three decades produced by climate models are inconsistent with observations — as a study of applying statistical methods developed in econometrics, and submit it to a journal with a more open - minded editor, in order to get it published at all.

Field observations show the current rainforest seems to exist near a high temperature threshold.

The observations from the Laptev Sea in 2007 indicate that the bottom water temperatures on the mid-shelf increased by more than 3 C compared to the long - term mean as a consequence of the unusually high summertime surface water temperatures.

A main control on atmospheric CO2 appears to be the ocean surface temperature, and remains a possibility that a significant part of the overall increase of atmospheric CO2 since at least 1958 (start of Mauna Loa observations) simply relflects the gradual warming of the oceans as a result of the prolonged period of high solar activity since 1920 (Solanki et al., 2004).

if my conclusions were supported by observations of the highest surface temperatures on Earth occurring in places with the least supposed GHGs, and even higher temperatures on the Moon with even less GHG's, I would summarily dismiss claims of a GHE.

Snowfall varies across the region, comprising less than 10 % of total precipitation in the south, to more than half in the north, with as much as two inches of water available in the snowpack at the beginning of spring melt in the northern reaches of the river basins.81 When this amount of snowmelt is combined with heavy rainfall, the resulting flooding can be widespread and catastrophic (see «Cedar Rapids: A Tale of Vulnerability and Response»).82 Historical observations indicate declines in the frequency of high magnitude snowfall years over much of the Midwest, 83 but an increase in lake effect snowfall.61 These divergent trends and their inverse relationships with air temperatures make overall projections of regional impacts of the associated snowmelt extremely difficult.

the 1.5 to 2 m observations of minimum temperatures that are used as part of the analysis to assess climate system heat changes (e.g., such as used to construct Figure SPM - 3 of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [2007] and of Parker [2004, 2006] study) lead to a greater long term temperature trend than would be found if higher heights within the surface boundary layer were used.

If only GHG forcing is used, without aerosols, the surface temperature in the last decade or so is about 0.3 - 0.4 C higher than observations; adding in aerosols has a cooling effect of about 0.3 - 0.4 C (and so cancelling out a portion of the GHG warming), providing a fairly good match between the climate model simulations and the observations.

However, comparison of the global, annual mean time series of near - surface temperature (approximately 0 to 5 m depth) from this analysis and the corresponding SST series based on a subset of the International Comprehensive Ocean - Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) database (approximately 134 million SST observations; Smith and Reynolds, 2003 and additional data) shows a high correlation (r = 0.96) for the period 1955 to 2005.

Quantitatively, Vasskog et al. estimate that during this time (the prior interglacial) the GrIS was «probably between ~ 7 and 60 % smaller than at present,» and that that melting contributed to a rise in global sea level of «between 0.5 and 4.2 m.» Thus, in comparing the present interglacial to the past interglacial, atmospheric CO2 concentrations are currently 30 % higher, global temperatures are 1.5 - 2 °C cooler, GrIS volume is from 7 - 67 % larger, and global sea level is at least 0.5 - 4.2 m lower, none of which observations signal catastrophe for the present.

The meeting will mainly cover the following themes, but can include other topics related to understanding and modelling the atmosphere: ● Surface drag and momentum transport: orographic drag, convective momentum transport ● Processes relevant for polar prediction: stable boundary layers, mixed - phase clouds ● Shallow and deep convection: stochasticity, scale - awareness, organization, grey zone issues ● Clouds and circulation feedbacks: boundary - layer clouds, CFMIP, cirrus ● Microphysics and aerosol - cloud interactions: microphysical observations, parameterization, process studies on aerosol - cloud interactions ● Radiation: circulation coupling; interaction between radiation and clouds ● Land - atmosphere interactions: Role of land processes (snow, soil moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation) in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction ● Physics - dynamics coupling: numerical methods, scale - separation and grey - zone, thermodynamic consistency ● Next generation model development: the challenge of exascale, dynamical core developments, regional refinement, super-parametrization ● High Impact and Extreme Weather: role of convective scale models; ensembles; relevant challenges for model development

The high confidence level ascribed by the IPCC provides bootstrapped plausibility to the uncertain temperature observations, uncertain forcing, and uncertain model sensitivity, each of which has been demonstrated in the previous sections to have large uncertainties that were not accounted for in the conclusion.

Christy is correct to note that the model average warming trend (0.23 °C / decade for 1978 - 2011) is a bit higher than observations (0.17 °C / decade over the same timeframe), but that is because over the past decade virtually every natural influence on global temperatures has acted in the cooling direction (i.e. an extended solar minimum, rising aerosols emissions, and increased heat storage in the deep oceans).

The observation of a historically high level of TSI from 1961 to 2001 tends to fit with the theories set out in my other articles about the real cause of recent warming and the real link between solar energy, ocean cycles and global temperatures.

R. Craigen There is substantial medical evidence supporting your observation that colder temperatures cause far greater deaths than higher temperatures.

The other fun observation is temperatures track with cloud cover better than CO2 for the last 30 years (less clouds — higher temperature) with cloud cover being basically flat in the 21st century.

The lighter shaded areas depict the change in this uncertainty range, if carbon cycle feedbacks are assumed to be lower or higher than in the medium setting... Global mean temperature results from the SCM for anthropogenic and natural forcing compare favourably with 20th - century observations (black line) as shown in the lower left panel (Folland et al., 2001; Jones et al., 2001; Jones and Moberg, 2003).

Sea surface temperature has been consistently higher during the past three decades than at any other time since reliable observations began in 1880.

temperature could have exacerbated the 2014 drought by approximately 36 %... These observations from the paleoclimate record suggest that high temperatures have combined with the low but not yet exceptional precipitation deficits to create the worst short - term drought of the last millennium for the state of California... Future severe droughts are expected to be in part driven by anthropogenic influences and temperatures outside the range of the last millennium.

In order to estimate globally averaged temperature changes with a high degree of accuracy, it is necessary to have a broad spatial distribution of observations that are made with high precision.break

In November 2009 the BoM repaired a Daily Weather Observations database bug on its website that saw most WA temperatures for August 2009 adjusted up by as much as.5 C, with all averaged temperatures since that November correction being higher than before.

Both simulations exhibit cold biases compared with observations over WCan, with the bias exacerbated at higher resolution, suggesting little added value for temperature overall.

In a period of static temperature that is at a near term high in a very tiny window of coherent reliable observation — any positive short term displacement is a record.

«We know from observations that high temperatures can harm crops, but now we have a much better understanding of the processes,» says Bernhard Schauberger from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, lead author of the study.

Scientists have high confidence about global temperature trends over recent decades because those observations are based on a massive amount of data.

Indeed on the basis of my previous article about weather being the key it may be possible to get even earlier warning of changes in global temperature trend from observation of the preferred positions of the jet streams and the main high pressure systems.

Instead, Abbott chose to dig himself deeper, extending his denialism on bushfires and further claiming that the observation of record high temperatures is not evidence of climate change.

The sea level and temperature relationship is based on observations of the past, specifically the Eemian interglacial whose temperatures we are just starting to match and whose sea levels were 4 - 6m higher and the climate a few million years ago whose temperatures we may reach by 2100 and sea levels were some 25m higher.

Since ocean temperature anomalies in the canonical Niño 3.4 region are now above 2 C — which are record values for the calendar month and not too far from their highest values ever observed at any time of year — current observations in the real world suggests that the models are very much on track.

Operators could be switching observation times to improve accuracy e.g. 1800 hrs for summer and 0700 hrs for winter which would also make it easier to tell the local newspaper or new station what the most recent high and low temperatures were.

Previous hemispheric - scale, temperature reconstructions over the past millennium, with one notable exception (Mann et al., 2009), have focused on reconstructing tem - peratures in the time domain only, an understandable consequence resulting from few 20 and sparsely distributed high - resolution proxies that can be calibrated directly against instrumental observations.

The observations indicate a relatively high value for the radiation of the upper layers — almost 50 per cent of the radiation of a black body at the prevailing temperature of the place of observation.

What they did was constrain the Community Earth System Model with known ECS of 4.1 C (very high) to observations of global temperature and two different estimates of ocean heat uptake in combination with an ocean model coupled to an atmosphere model to represent natural internal variability.

Global average air temperatures have increased relatively slowly since a high point in 1998 caused by the ocean phenomenon El Niño, but observations show that heat is continuing to be trapped in increasing amounts by greenhouse gases, with over 90 % disappearing into the oceans.

The team — led by Dole, Hoerling, and Judith Perlwitz from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado in Boulder — sifted through long - term observations and results from 22 global climate models, looking for trends that might help explain the extraordinarily high temperatures in western Russia during the 2010 summer.

Schauberger, B. et al., 2017: Consistent negative response of US crops to high temperatures in observations and crop models.