That is, Type I folding pattern was associated with lower temperamental Surgency (i.e. introversion),
higher Negative Affectivity (in girls), higher depressive symptoms and thinner cortex.
For the ASD group, higher academic ability predicted
higher Negative Affectivity.
Not exact matches
The latter study demonstrated a connection between mindfulness as a distinct construct and several dimensions of well - being, including lower neuroticism, anxiety, depression and
negative affectivity, and
higher positive
affectivity, vitality, life satisfaction, self - esteem, optimism and self - actualisation.
Moreover, additional components of
negative affectivity (sadness, frustration) and of surgency (
high intensity pleasure and impulsivity) were related to
higher levels of parental ratings of ODD - related problems.
Our second objective was to analyze whether fine - grained dimensions of reactivity (fear, anger, discomfort, sadness, activity level, approach,
high intensity pleasure, impulsivity) and self - regulation (attentional shifting, attentional focusing, inhibitory control), as well as the
higher order temperamental factors (
negative affectivity, surgency, and effortful control) represent unique correlates of CU traits and ODD - related problems.
While most approaches involving temperament have focused on the
higher factor of
negative affectivity or on its subdimension of fear (Waller et al., 2016, 2017), while not separating temperamental reactivity from self - regulation, our analysis considered, probably for the first time in preschool population, the contributions of both fine - grained dimensions and
higher order temperamental factors, for temperamental reactivity as well as for self - regulation.
The second aim was to analyze whether both fine - grained dimensions (fear, anger, discomfort, sadness, activity level, approach,
high intensity pleasure, impulsivity, attentional shifting, attentional focusing, inhibitory control) and
higher order temperamental factors (
negative affectivity, surgency, and effortful control) represent unique correlates of CU traits and ODD - related problems, during this time of development.
Additionally, based on Rothbart's (2007) model of temperament, we analyzed whether fine - grained dimensions of reactivity (fear, anger, discomfort, sadness, activity level, approach,
high intensity pleasure, impulsivity) and self - regulation (attentional shifting, attentional focusing, inhibitory control), as well as the
higher order temperamental factors of
negative affectivity, surgency and effortful control are associated with CU traits and ODD - related problems.
For the potential moderator effects between
negative affectivity and effortful control on ODD problems, we predicted that
high levels of
negative emotionality and low levels of effortful control would be linked to ODD - related problems.
We expected that referred children display
higher levels of
negative affectivity and lower levels of effortful control (and related fine - grained traits) than general population children.
In a small clinically referred sample of preschool children,
high levels of
negative affectivity were found to be associated with symptoms of anxiety, reflecting internalizing problems [29], but no comparison was made with general population children.
In population studies, there is consistent evidence that
high levels of
negative affectivity and more fine - grained traits within this dimension (such as frustration, sadness, fear and low levels of soothability) predict both externalizing and internalizing problems in infancy, preschool age, and school age [7, 22, 23, 24, 25].
Children
high in
negative affectivity respond more readily with fear, sadness and / or anger and frustration in situations, while children with
high surgency are inclined to express laughter, impulsivity, activity and approach.
We therefore anticipated that individuals
higher in neuroticism and
negative affectivity would show larger LPP amplitudes during unpleasant image viewing, in contrast to the lower LPP amplitudes anticipated of more mindful individuals.
It is likely that there are common characteristics shared by mothers at
high risk for depression and their children, especially those involving
negative affectivity or self regulatory abilities, which might affect the quality of peer relationships (Silberg and Rutter 2002).
The EATQ - R contains items loading onto 10 sub-scales and four
higher order factors:
Negative Affectivity (comprising items from the Frustration sub-scale), Effortful Control (comprising items from Activation Control, Attention and Inhibitory Control sub-scales), Surgency [comprising Fear (reversed - scored), Shyness (reversed - scored) and Surgency items] and Affiliation (comprising Affiliation, Pleasure Sensitivity and Perceptual Sensitivity items).
Conversely, two traits contrasting with mindfulness — neuroticism and
negative affectivity — were associated with
higher LPP responses to
high arousal unpleasant images.