The future impacts of anthropogenic global change on marine ecosystems are highly uncertain, but insights can be gained from past intervals
of high atmospheric carbon dioxide partial pressure.
Damage to coral reefs from higher ocean temperatures and ocean acidification caused
by higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, as well as damage from pollution and sedimentation, are threatening these breeding grounds for fish in tropical and subtropical waters.
This would then lead to large, unpredictable changes in ocean ecosystem structure and productivity, on top of other large unpredictable changes to be expected from ocean acidification, the other great oceanic consequence of
high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations from fossil fuel burning.
The researchers believe the greening is a response to
higher atmospheric carbon dioxide inducing decreases in plant stomatal conductance — the measure of the rate of passage of carbon dioxide entering, or water vapor exiting, through the stomata of a leaf — and increases in soil water, thus enhancing vegetation growth.
The measurements used by Luyssaert rely on the flux of CO2 levels over the forest, but this kind of metric can be skewed by young stands of trees within an old - growth forest or an increase in growth as a result of
higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, according to forest ecologist Mark Harmon of Oregon State University in Corvallis, who was not involved in the study.
A report published last year by the National Institutes of Health attributes greater pollen to
higher atmospheric carbon dioxide — the result of industrial and automotive pollution.
Dr Myers and a different set of colleagues warn that
higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are also associated with lower iron content in food crop staples.
In another journal, Geohealth, Dr Myers and a different set of colleagues warn that
higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are also associated with lower iron content in food crop staples.
The Triassic was also a hothouse world: a time of
high atmospheric carbon dioxide, rapid climate shifts, and fast - moving extinctions.
For some years the bleaching of coral reefs has been known to be caused by the former, more recently the latter has been shown to be caused by
the higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and to pose a great risk to all sea - life that produces skeletons of calcium carbonate.
Higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are wholly beneficial.