Sentences with phrase «higher dopant»
Experiments revealed that the isolated Yb «energy clusters» inside this pill - shaped nanocrystal (see image) enabled substantially higher dopant concentrations than usual — Yb accounted for up to 98 per cent of the crystal's mass — and helped initiate multiphoton upconversion that yielded violet light with an intensity eight times higher than previously seen.
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«This renders high processing temperature undesirable, as temperature - induced damage, strains, metal spiking and unintentional diffusion of dopants may occur.»
They include: a) A new field of science, dubbed «useful hard x-ray chemistry,» wherein high energy, penetrating and focused x-rays are harnessed to initiate novel chemistry in isolated and sealed chambers, and b) Ion Beam Nuclear Transmutation Doping, a novel method to dope wide bandgap semiconductors using penetrating, high - energy protrons initiating nuclear transmutation to create dopant layers.
The material is notable for having the high superconducting temperature of 35K without the need for small amounts of additional elements (such as cobalt or nickel), called dopants.