Sentences with phrase «higher emission factor»

With the GM 2.8 L diesel gaining only 2 MPG over the 2.5 L gasoline engine, while adding 440 pounds to its curb weight, the diesel fuel economy gains are not sufficient to offset the higher emission factor for diesel fuel, with the diesel option producing 4 % more CO2 - equivalent emissions over the truck's life - cycle.

(12) Pennsylvania anthracite, which is produced in small amounts, has the highest emission factor among all coal ranks (227.4).

Not exact matches

«Consumers often equate more dependence on pasture with environmentally friendly farming, but this study demonstrated that low milk production per cow is a major factor associated with high GHG emission.

Due to varying factors, initial emissions caps in the European Union, the U.S. Northeast and California all ended up comfortably above actual emissions, so businesses have not had to pay high prices or face significant incentives to curb their emissions.

«EPA believes it is important to develop emissions factors that are of high quality and reliable,» she wrote.

Overall, Delphi favors a 3 - cylinder configuration as opposed to a 4 - cylinder for reduced fuel consumption and regulated emissions for a number of factors, including better high load scavenging for high load performance.

I would like to see a discussion of the likelihood that factors traditionally viewed as slow response feedback factors (such as Arctic albedo, or high methane emissions permafrost degradation) may actually become faster response feedback factors.

Worldwide, vegetation fires are showing a trend toward longer burning periods, increased fire severity, larger areas burned and increased (mostly human caused) frequency — with all of these factors contributing to more damaging environmental impacts, higher shares of emissions and increasing socioeconomic costs, including greater threats to human health and security.

There's an under - bias in my numbers due to self consumption at power plants and especially because average emission factors understate emissions from older and smaller (higher heat rate and thus higher emissions) plants that have disproportionately been the ones shut down or not dispatched.

For example, though temperature is a secondary factor, higher temperature CO2 is somewhat less likely to relax through emission than cooled CO2 — the opposite of Planck function.

Given those two factors and ignoring future emissions that will drive the temperature even higher, we are already over +2 C warming once we stop emitting short - lived coal smoke and other pollutants into the air and we give the Earth time to reach temperature equilibrium.

Essentially, EPA wants to give credit to existing NGCCs for upping their capacity factors since that helps to displace higher - emitting fossil generators, thereby reducing total emissions from the electric sector.

A recent Canadian study of the nation - wide emissions of greenhouse gases from agricultural activities used nitrous oxide emissions factors which indicated that nitrous oxide emissions from anhydrous ammonia and ammonium phosphate were from four to five times as high as those from urea or ammonium nitrate.

The methodologies for estimating emissions / removals from the land - use change and forestry category require high quality statistical data and emission factors.

«Combined with a literature review, the results showed that high N2O emissions from peat decomposition in the tropics tend to be common; which is in contrast with most recent IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] emission factors,» she says.

Thus while CO2 and temperature are thightly coupled and CO2 levels in the atmosphere follow the seasonal cooling within a month, the other factor, the emissions independently increases the amounts, pushing the setpoint of the equilibrium to higher levels.

«It is no surprise that while the EU's domestic CO2 emissions have fallen, if you factor in CO2 emissions embedded in goods imported into EU, the figure remains substantially higher,» says Peiser.

Therefore, in regions with fewer controls, primary particulate matter emission factors are higher, but SO2 emissions are also higher....

(Sec. 265) Authorizes the Secretary to establish a research program to: (1) identify the factors affecting consumer actions to conserve energy and make improvements in energy efficiency; and (2) make grants to institutions of higher education to study the effects of consumer behavior on total energy use, the potential energy savings from changes in consumption habits, the ability to reduce GHG emissions through changes in energy consumption habits, increasing public awareness of federal climate adaptation and mitigation programs, and the potential for alterations in consumer behavior to further American energy independence.

The exact size of the carbon budget can not be specified with high confidence since it depends on many uncertain factors, including emission pathways for non-CO2 climate forcers.

If you are benchmarking the two policies for a comparable carbon price, total emissions would be higher under my system, and so the total value of emissions rights which are nominally granted to firms would be higher, likely by a factor of 1.5 - 2 based on work I just read by Rivers and Jaccard, although I don't have specific modeling numbers.

http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2014/05/19%20low%20carbon%20future%20wind%20solar%20power%20frank/net%20benefits%20final.pdf «As shown in Tables 2A and 2B, among the no - carbon energy alternatives, nuclear plants avoid the most emissions per MW of new capacity, simply because nuclear plants have far and away the highest capacity factor.

In addition, lower latitude regions typically experience higher rates of terrestrial net primary production (NPP), a factor that has been positively correlated with GHG emissions from hydroelectric reservoirs (Hertwich 2013).

Overall, in MISO, average emission factors are generally higher than marginal estimates (typical difference: ∼ 20 %).

The modern era emission tonnes are higher by a factor of 5 +.

We find, for example, that marginal emission factors are generally higher during late - night and early morning compared to afternoons.

-- Muller believes humans are changing climate with CO2 emissions — humans have been responsible for «most» of a 0.4 C warming since 1957, almost none of the warming before then — IPCC is in trouble due to sloppy science, exaggerated predictions; chairman will have to resign — the «Climategate» mails were not «hacked» — they were «leaked» by an insider — due to «hide the decline» deception, Muller will not read any future papers by Michael Mann — there has been no increase in hurricanes or tornadoes due to global warming — automobiles are insignificant in overall picture — China is the major CO2 producer, considerably more than USA today — # 1 priority for China is growth of economy — global warming is not considered important — China CO2 efficiency (GDP per ton CO2) is around one - fourth of USA today, has much room for improvement — China growth will make per capita CO2 emissions at same level as USA today by year 2040 — if it is «not profitable» it is «not sustainable» — US energy future depends on shale gas for automobiles; hydrogen will not be a factor — nor will electric cars, due to high cost — Muller is upbeat on nuclear (this was recorded pre-Fukushima)-- there has been no warming in the USA — Muller was not convinced of Hansen's GISS temperature record; hopes BEST will provide a better record.

«For the high emissions scenario, it is likely that the frequency of hot days will increase by a factor of 10 in most regions of the world», said Thomas Stocker the other Co-chair of Working Group I. «Likewise, heavy precipitation will occur more often, and the wind speed of tropical cyclones will increase while their number will likely remain constant or decrease».

In addition, given that responsibility for past emissions is arguably a factor that should be considered in determining fair allocations and given that people in most developed countries have historically emitted much higher levels than people in developing countries, it is quite clear that the vast majority of regional and local governments, organizations, and businesses can not reasonably argue that they are not exceeding their fair share of safe global emissions.

System value is determined by a variety of factors, including reduced fuel costs, reduced carbon dioxide and other pollutant emissions costs, or higher costs of additional grid infrastructure.

It is important to note that in the future, plug - in vehicles with large battery packs might be able to offer the largest benefits at the lowest costs if all the right factors fall into place, including low - cost batteries, low - emissions electricity, long battery life, and high gasoline prices.

Their findings showed that spring N2O emission was higher for CT while growing season emission was dependent on factors other than tillage.

You aren't thinking about the warming period early last century, because we know it was a relatively brief period, and so lacked huge significance, and was caused by a combination of CO2 emissions, high solar activity and low volcanic activity and the later two factors haven't been apparent since the 1970's modern warming period.

The high carbon dioxide emission factor for anthracite reflects the coal's relatively small hydrogen content, which lowers its heating value.

Because lower rank coals have relatively high carbon dioxide emission factors, increased use of these coals caused the national average carbon dioxide emission factor to rise from 206.5 pounds per million Btu in 1980 to 207.6 pounds per million Btu in 1992.

The majority of the world's people live at what would be considered desperate poverty levels in developed countries, the average per capita material and energy use in developed countries is higher than in developing countries by a factor of 5 to 10 [25], and the developed countries are responsible for over three quarters of cumulative greenhouse gas emissions from 1850 to 2000 [85].

While Christy only considered the possibility that climate models are wrong, Taylor considered three possibilities: (1) the surface temperature record is biased high, (2) a factor other than human greenhouse gas emissions is causing global warming, or (3) the «assumptions about greenhouse gas theory are wrong.»

In Britain, fossil fuel emissions rose 3.8 % last year, 14 % below 1990 figures, but when emissions from trade are factored in, emissions were 20 % higher than 20 years ago.