That is no surprise as a land only anomaly will be
higher than an ocean / land anomaly.
«The reflectance of ocean foam can be more than ten times
higher than the ocean itself and the ocean occupies 71 % of our planet's surface so enhancing sea foam is a sensible and simple way to reflect a few per cent more sunlight.
Actually Huang does recognize and talk about the difference in trends derived for a climate model between tas and tos using the GFLD CM2.1 model and there the authors report trend differences from 1875 to 2000 where the ocean air temperature trends are
higher than the ocean surface temperature trends on the order of what the Cowtan paper found for several CMIP5 models.
It is usually assumed from limited information that CO2 concentrations over industrial areas are
higher than the ocean values and that they are lower over vegetation.
Likewise surely the atmosphere can not be warmed by the ocean to a temperature
higher than the ocean.
Not exact matches
The
Ocean State has never finished
higher than 48th in our rankings.
While Hope is known for making independent movies rather
than big - budget Hollywood blockbusters, Amazon Studios has succeeded in the world of television in part by aligning itself with
high - profile directors like Allen and Steven Soderbergh of «
Ocean's Eleven» fame.
In the right destination, it's more
than possible to live in a charming villa with a gorgeous
ocean view, buy a week's supply of fresh produce from the local farmer's market for $ 5 or $ 10, hire a housekeeper or gardener, and live a
high - quality life on a budget of $ 2,000 a month or less.
This year, the Atlantic was warmer
than average — Klotzbach says August through October will likely rank third or fourth in terms of
highest tropical Atlantic
Ocean temperatures.
So they are experiencing a lot
higher intake of chemicals that are found in the
ocean than probably we are on our normal diet.
These giant waves, caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and underwater landslides, are some of the deadliest natural disasters known; the 2004 tsunami in the Indian
Ocean killed over 230,000 people, a
higher death toll
than any fire or hurricane.
Higher sea surface temperatures led to a huge patch of warm water, dubbed «The Blob,» that appeared in the northern Pacific
Ocean more
than two years ago.
The study found that more
than 4.8 million metric tons of plastic waste enters the
oceans from land each year, and that figure may be as
high as 12.7 million metric tons.
They include
higher sea surface temperatures over the Indian
Ocean, which can lead to greater rainfall over the sea rather
than on land.
In a depth - defying feat of dazzling daring last year, the robot known as Nereus dove to the deepest spot in the
ocean and spent 10 hours exploring a spot that is deeper
than Mount Everest is
high.
In a presentation at a recent
ocean acidification conference, Tatters reported that the more CO2 and the less silicate, the
higher the diatom's toxin production — more
than doubling at the level of dissolved CO2 scientists expect the
oceans to reach by 2100.
As the spacecraft sidled up to the comet, it sampled the water streaming from the comet body and found 67P's D / H ratio to be staggeringly
high — more
than three times that of Earth's
oceans (SN: 1/10/15, p. 8).
Tests of some fish species, which can race across the
ocean more quickly
than slow - moving currents, have shown
higher levels of radiation, although radiation levels in sea life off the U.S. shore are still safe, Buesseler said.
Sailors refer to calm seas as glass, and astronomers in turn have their own nautical metaphor for the smoothness of each of the newest generation telescope mirrors: imagine the entire Atlantic
Ocean without a single wave
higher than a few inches.
Since the concentration of water in the brine is lower
than that in the
ocean — and water moves from
high to low concentrations, via osmosis — water is attracted to the brine.
Since the emissions today are three times
higher than they were in the 1960s, this increased uptake by land and
ocean is not only surprising; it's good news.
The advantage of having a lower generator and consequently a lower center of gravity helps lower installation costs on floating platforms in the
ocean, where wind speed is typically
higher than on land, observed Veers.
But they conclude that marine organisms with skeletons made of
high - magnesium calcite may be especially susceptible to
ocean acidification because this form of calcium carbonate dissolves more easily
than others.
Meanwhile, on the cut - off
high's eastern side, winds heading south drove cold air from the Arctic
Ocean toward Greenland's southern tip, bringing the lower
than usual temperatures there.
Biologists have found them happily residing under rocks above 6000 meters
high in the Himalayas and doing likewise in
ocean trenches more
than 4000 meters deep.
Durack and his colleagues at LLNL found that the Southern Hemisphere's
oceans have warmed at a
higher rate over the past 35 years
than previously thought.
The average amount of heat absorbed and trapped in the upper
ocean last year was also
higher than ever seen before
The average amount of heat absorbed and trapped in the upper
ocean over the past year was also
higher than ever seen before, according to Deke Arndt, chief of the global monitoring branch of NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information.
The model also generated acoustic data; an interesting revelation of the simulation was that tsunamigenic surface - breaking ruptures, like the 2011 earthquake, produce
higher amplitude
ocean acoustic waves
than those that do not.
That means that as these glaciers retreat, their fronts will remain in contact with warm
ocean water that melts ice, rather
than hitting
higher ground anytime soon.
Emissions of carbon dioxide are already far
higher than the forests and
oceans can absorb.
Johnson hypothesizes that warmer
ocean temperatures in 2012 and 2013, which were 1.3 °C
higher than the previous decade's average, allowed the crabs to move north.
FULL - BLOWN FALLOUT Remnant radiation levels from nuclear testing near Bikini Atoll in the Pacific
Ocean, as seen in this explosion in 1946, are far
higher than previously predicted, new research shows.
Critters living more
than six miles below the
ocean surface contain
high levels of harmful compounds like PCBs and flame retardants.
Thanks to industrialization, mercury levels in the atmosphere are at least three times
higher than they were 150 years ago, and mercury levels in
ocean surface waters are
higher too.
«You have a
higher chance to win the lottery, a much
higher chance to drown in the
ocean,
than to be attacked by a shark.
The ozone measurements, taken between 2 and 6 miles in altitude (3 - 10 kilometers) over a large part of the eastern Indian
Ocean, were as
high as 80 parts per billion - levels similar to a polluted day in a U.S. city and several times more
than normal.
The researchers found that phytoplankton in polar and temperate regions grow best at temperatures
higher than the average annual temperatures of the
oceans in which they live.
If water temperatures in the Atlantic are
higher than normal, as they are now, hurricanes, which feed off warm
ocean water, are more likely to form.
June — August 2014, at 0.71 °C (1.28 °F)
higher than the 20th century average, was the warmest such period across global land and
ocean surfaces since record keeping began in 1880, edging out the previous record set in 1998.
CO2 concentrations would start to fall immediately since the
ocean and terrestrial biosphere would continue to absorb more carbon
than they release as long as the CO2 level in the atmosphere is
higher than pre-industrial levels (approximately).
High ocean temperatures during winter months then likely accelerated sea - louse development, enabling populations to grow quickly and reach
higher numbers
than they would under normal
ocean temperatures.
With records dating back to 1880, the global temperature across the world's land and
ocean surfaces for August 2014 was 0.75 °C (1.35 °F)
higher than the 20th century average of 15.6 °C (60.1 °F).
All of that heat in the
oceans also raised global sea levels to a new record
high, more
than 2.5 inches above what it was in 1993, as water expands as it heats up.
The melting of Snowball Earth glaciers apparently released phosphates ground off continental rocks into the
oceans between 750 and 620 million years ago, causing levels of this vital nutrient to rise to levels
higher than experienced before or since, and feeding oxygen - producing life which eventually supported the rise of newly developing oxygen - consuming «metazoans,» or animals (staff, New Scientist, October 27, 2010; and Planavsky et al, 2010).
The analogy with PETM is also not correct because
ocean bottomwater temperature was about 20 degrees
higher than present, and atlantic
ocean circulation was going across Panama into the pacific.
«And, what puzzles researchers working on the biological carbon pump: it is
higher than that of non-calcifying phytoplankton and marine snow, the main sinking particles and organic carbon sources to the
ocean interior».
The former is likely to overestimate the true global SAT trend (since the
oceans do not warm as fast as the land), while the latter may underestimate the true trend, since the SAT over the
ocean is predicted to rise at a slightly
higher rate
than the SST.
Normally, the temperature of the Pacific
Ocean's surface waters is about 7.8 ° Celsius (14 ° Fahrenheit)
higher in the Western Pacific
than the waters off South America.
The annually - averaged temperature for
ocean surfaces around the world was 0.74 °C (1.33 °F)
higher than the 20th century average, easily breaking the previous record of 2014 by 0.11 °C (0.20 °F).