Sentences with phrase «hippocampus known»

To better understand how this works, Boahen and graduate student John Arthur developed a chip based on a layer of the hippocampus known as CA3.

One notable exception is a tiny region of the hippocampus known as CA2.

Not exact matches

Some people's electrodes were in the entorhinal cortex's gray matter, and some were in its white matter fibers, which extend to the hippocampus, an area known for its role in memory.

The hippocampus is known to be sensitive to a lack of oxygen, but the effect is larger than expected, says Dr. Stamenova.

«It has also been known for a long time that following transient severe brain injury and prior to an initial spontaneous epileptic seizure, the concentration of free zinc ions increases in the hippocampus.

Those Who Can't Remember: To treat his epilepsy, Henry Molaison, known for decades as «H.M.» to protect his identity, had parts of his temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, surgically removed from both sides of his brain in 1953.

Surgically destroy the hippocampus, as has been done in a zillion lab rats and in one famous neurological patient known only as HM, and some major types of memory will be gone for good.

In either model, what's interesting is that scientists have identified a likely culprit, a stress - related hormone known to do bad things to the hippocampus and memory under other circumstances.

Subsequent analyses of the brains of these animals revealed that the drug reduced the plaques and tangles in the hippocampus, which is known to play a key role in learning the water maze, but not in the amygdala, which figures importantly in the dark chamber test.

Little is known about the neural underpinnings of metacognition, but it is likely to involve the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, two brain areas modulated by the chemicals dopamine and noradrenaline.

For example, scientists have known for decades that the hippocampus, a structure in the middle of the brain, has the lead role in the formation and preservation of memories, and is one of the regions that shape a person's identity.

After controlling for factors known to influence brain volume and cognitive test scores, such as age and gender, the researchers found that a higher self - reported frequency of game playing was significantly associated with greater brain volume in several regions involved in Alzheimer's disease (such as the hippocampus) and with higher cognitive test scores on memory and executive function.

Next, together with scientists from the Transfaculty Research Platform, they investigated whether any known schizophrenia risk genes are associated with the hippocampus.

They used a somewhat bizarre technique in which two mice were sutured together in such as way that they shared a circulatory system (known as parabiosis), and found old mice joined to their youthful counterparts showed changes in gene activity in a brain region called the hippocampus as well as increased neural connections and enhanced «synaptic plasticity» — a mechanism believed to underlie learning and memory in which the strength of neural connections change in response to experience.

The supramammillary nucleus was known for its connections to the hippocampus, important for memory formation, and parts of the frontal cortex involved in focused attention, Pedersen says.

«What makes this important is it's showing effects on behaviors that depend on the hippocampus; behavior that we know changes with age,» Blalock says, and those changes «can be reversed by this treatment.»

Either way, we know this kind of learning and memory not only stimulates but requires the hippocampus.»

From MRI brain scans of dead sea lions, they knew the toxin caused shrinkage in the hippocampus, which is involved in memory.

They found that triggering neurons in one part of the hippocampus — a sliver of brain tissue key to memory — can make linked, distant neurons more likely to fire for many hours afterward, a phenomenon now known as long - term potentiation (LTP).

Plunges in energy use could signal decline in brain function, and the researchers decided to focus on the hippocampus, a part of the brain known to be affected in Alzheimer's.

It has been known for some time that the hippocampus maintains a mental map of space — in fact, the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded precisely for this research.

«We think the cognitive map in the hippocampus is not just for knowing where the self is located,» says Fujisawa, «but also for plotting the locations of other people, animals, or objects, and to comprehend the spatial environment surrounding the self.»

For example, the hippocampus is an area well - known for its involvement in memory and its dysfunction in diseases such as Alzheimer's, while the neocortex is involved in functions such as perception, consciousness, and language.

This matters a lot when you know how important the hippocampus is for a healthy cognition,» explains co-author Dr. Véronique Bohbot, researcher at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute and associate professor at McGill University.

Other types of memory such as learning physical skills were unaffected, suggesting the hippocampus specifically handles the recall of events — known as «episodic» memories.

They assessed the long - term effects of chemotherapy on learning and memory, as well as the formation of new neurons in the hippocampus, a brain region known to contribute to those abilities.

We know that the hippocampus is the brain area where precise maps of spatial information are established.

Chen and his team began by studying how reactive glial cells respond to a specific protein, NeuroD1, which is known to be important in the formation of nerve cells in the hippocampus area of adult brains.

«Now that we've found these cells in the hippocampus, it opens up new areas for exploring treatment ideas that we didn't know existed before,» says the study's lead author Jessica Jimenez, PhD, an MD / PhD student at Columbia University's Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons.

It was already known that a few weeks after an ECT procedure or after taking an effective antidepressant that stem cells in the hippocampus turn on and make more copies of hippocampal neurons.

It's also known that the hippocampus sends signals to other areas of the brain — the amygdala and the hypothalamus — that have also been shown to control anxiety - related behavior.

«We know there are receptors for vitamin D throughout the central nervous system and in the hippocampus,» said Robert J. Przybelski, a doctor and research scientist at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health.

This is interesting, because the hippocampus is known to be critical for learning and memory, and is widely thought to be one of the few parts of the brain that continues to produce new cells throughout life.

Researchers know more about the brain circuits in the cerebellum, involved with movement, than in the hippocampus, a locus for initiating the type of factual memories needed for organic chemistry.

The hippocampus plays a well - known role in the brain's ability to form new memories and to help animals — from mice to humans — navigate through complex environments.

The engrams, or memory traces, of this particular experience are known to be located in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, a key brain area for memory processing.

The hippocampus, a brain structure known to play a role in memory and spatial navigation, is essential to one's ability to recognize previously encountered events, objects, or people — a phenomenon known as recognition memory — according to new research from the departments of Neurosurgery and Psychology in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

We know that the hippocampus is one of the first regions of the brain to suffer damage in neurodegenerative disease, resulting in memory loss and disorientation.

«Now that we've found these cells in the hippocampus, it opens up new areas for exploring treatment ideas that we didn't know existed before,» said the study's lead author, Jessica Jimenez, an MD / PhD student at Columbia University's Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons.

The hippocampus is known to incur some of the earliest and most severe ravages of Alzheimer's disease.

From earlier research, the scientists knew that these mice showed no signs of inhibitory neuron death in the hippocampus, and their ability to learn and form memories was not impaired.

«Now that we've found these cells in the hippocampus, it opens up new areas for exploring treatment ideas that we didn't know existed before,» says lead author Jessica Jimenez of Columbia University.

Researchers have known for some time that exercise produces these chemicals in rodents, and that more exercise leads to a larger hippocampus — a brain region important for memory.

Since the discovery (in a human patient named H.M.) that hippocampal removal can lead to the inability to form new memories, the hippocampus has been studied as one of the primary sites of memory formation in the brain.12 While it has also been known since O'Keefe and Dostrovsky's initial experiments that the hippocampus plays a basic role in spatial navigation, how and why this tiny portion of the brain can host both spatial maps and complex memories has remained poorly understood.

In a recent study published in Cell Metabolism, Dr. Wrann and colleagues from the Harvard Medical School demonstrated that endurance exercise led to the up - regulation in the hippocampus of a muscle protein known as FNDC5.

A region of the brain called the hippocampus is known for its role in memory formation.

«We know that exercise increases the number of neurons in the hippocampus,» he says.

The goal was to pinpoint any changes in the size of the hippocampus region of the brain, an area known to play a critical role in memory regulation.

Despite what you might have been told, we've known for some time that neurogenesis (the growth of new neurons in the brain) can occur in the hippocampus of the brain, which plays a critical role in diseases like Alzheimer's and dementia and influences emotional behavior and cognition.

The condition known as hyper - cortisolemia can destroy cells in the hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum.