Repression can also be said to be the main concern of certain «postmodern» critiques of western conceptions of rationality (e.g., socio - theoretical, feminist, and
historical critical studies).
Not exact matches
Guiding Principles Religious and theological
studies depend on and reinforce each other; A principled approach to religious values and faith demands the intellectual rigor and openness of quality academic work; A well - educated student of religion must have a deep and broad understanding of more than a single religious tradition;
Studying religion requires that one understand one's own
historical context as well as that of those whom one
studies; An exemplary scholarly and teaching community requires respect for and
critical engagement with difference and diversity of all kinds.
But I think Pedersen overestimates the significance of modern
historical -
critical study of the Bible.
The use of
historical -
critical method within modern historiography has met with opposition on theological grounds: would not two methods of
studying history necessarily involve two classes of
historical reality?
The classical definition of New Testament
studies essentially involves the
historical -
critical method.
In Jesus of Nazareth: Holy Week Pope Benedict XVI builds upon insights gained from
historical -
critical studies in order to probe the theological depths of the revealed Word of God.
Form
critical study recognizes, and indeed emphasizes, the socio -
historical context in which the text functioned in the early church.
Critical New Testament
studies, in contrast to the traditional Christian assumption that Jesus was God on earth, have started from the
historical Jesus of Nazareth.
Some historians have traced the roots of The Controversy to the early 1960s, when conflict over
historical «
critical study of the Bible produced a major crisis in the SBC leading to the dismissal of Ralph Elliott, a professor of Old Testament at Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Kansas City, Missouri.
One of these contributions is the
historical -
critical method, which is applied not only to the
study of the Bible, but also to the
study of theology.
It allowed me to reconceptualize the
study of «women in the Bible,» by moving from what men have said about women to a feminist
historical reconstruction of early Christian origins as well as by articulating a feminist
critical process for reading and evaluating androcentric biblical texts.
First, it is plain that the empty tomb was not the originating factor since careful
critical study of the material found at the end of all four Gospels makes it clear that the stories about the empty tomb are more in the category of Christian apologetic — however honestly believed and taught at the time when the Gospels were compiled from earlier oral tradition — than in that of
historical reporting.
There was a time when, in the early days of New Testament
study, it was assumed that by the use of
critical method «the quest for the
historical Jesus» would be rewarded by a portrayal of that
historical figure exactly as he was.
The apostolic Christian fellowship by whose interest and by whose memory this story came to be told — and here the contribution of form -
critical and redaction
study of the New Testament material is enormously helpful to us — did not use the incident as an interesting bit of
historical information.
He accepted the
historical -
critical method of biblical
studies, rejected some traditional theological claims on the basis of their incredibility to a
critical mind, assumed a religious optimism, championed individualism, accepted evolutionary categories, emphasized ethics, stressed the humanity of Jesus, and recognized the importance of toleration.
As the old models of biblical
study break down, Gary - along with his former colleague at Harvard, Jon Levenson - has been at the forefront of efforts to rethink the relations between the
historical -
critical project and the living realities of contemporary Christian and Jewish faith.
The conservative view of the Bible is not one arrived at after
historical -
critical study, but one held before such
study.
The
Historical -
Critical method of biblical exegesis has dominated scripture
study for more than a hundred years.
I always look deeply into the contexts (
historical, cultural, grammatical,
critical, etc) of every passage I
study, and the context of Luke 17 is pretty clearly pointing in a homosexual direction.
One of the most assured results of the application of
historical -
critical methods of
study to the tradition of Christian witness is the soundness of Pascal's famous judgment that the God of the philosophers is not the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
Therefore, it is
critical for Luke to impress upon his reader the importance of
studying, researching, investigating, examining, and considering the
historical accuracy and theological truths which Luke presents in his book.
Hahn points out the Holy Father's view of the inadequacy of the
historical -
critical method as an approach to the
study of Scripture.
One can point to the emergence of a variety of
critical approaches to religion in general, and to Christianity in particular, which have contributed to the breakdown of certainties: These include
historical -
critical and other new methods for the
study of biblical texts, feminist criticism of Christian history and theology, Marxist analysis of the function of religious communities, black
studies pointing to long - obscured realities, sociological and anthropological research in regard to cross-cultural religious life, and examinations of traditional teachings by non-Western scholars.
This is why the
historical -
critical method of
studying the Bible is important, for it enables us to grasp what it actually meant to live as an Israelite in a given era.
Whereas biblical
studies experienced the challenge of modernity in terms of
historical -
critical approaches to scripture, pastoral theology experienced it in terms of the emergence of psychology and sociology as disciplines.
Sometimes
historical critical scholars absolutized their method of objectivity into a permanent avoidance of existential encounter with the history they were supposedly
studying.
Just as the prophetic reformulation of Israel's earlier traditions generates a form of
historical awareness, so our critique of the pretensions of consciousness in the
critical study of texts gives us
historical sense.
After a long period of literary,
historical, and form -
critical study of the New Testament, along with more recent work on the «redaction» of its several books in the light of the motives that led their authors to select and arrange the material then available to them, it is clear that any claim to «simple historicity» is false.
Critical historical study signifies the deserved and necessary end of those «bases» of such knowledge which are no bases since they are not laid by God himself.
This same rationalistic approach to the gospel was applied to the believer's knowledge of Jesus: «If the person of Jesus Christ stands at the centre of the gospel, how can the basis for a reliable and communal knowledge of this person be gained other than through
critical historical study, if one is not to trade a dreamed - up Christ for the real one?
In attempting to look at that issue I must begin with a very brief summary of what has happened to the Bible, thanks to a hundred years of careful
critical study by experts who have brought to their
study all the resources available, including linguistic,
historical, literary, and many other types of knowledge.
The
critical study of the
historical Jesus is an important task - perhaps important for reasons theological as well as
historical - but The Five Gospels does not advance that task significantly, nor does it represent a fair picture of the current state of research on this problem.
Fruitful as this work may be, however, Collins makes the unwarranted assumption that modern biblical
study is intrinsically antithetical to theological exegesis when in fact only the
historical -
critical claim to final interpretive authority contradicts a theological approach.
Today Protestant, Catholic and Jewish scholars are united in the
historical -
critical study of the Bible and the use of the comparative method, which has given us a vastly enlarged understanding of the Bible, its background and its meaning.
Its classic expression was called, in its English translation, published in 1910, The Quest of the
Historical Jesus, a
Critical Study of Its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede.
The effect of Pius's action was to shut down
critical Catholic scriptural and
historical studies.
Historical -
critical study and doctrinal reductionism have tried to smooth out the text, but that effort betrays the key character.
And this has been especially the case through the period of rationalism and the Enlightenment up to the modern day, during which we have seen the birth of
critical studies and the
historical -
critical method.
But, in regard to
historical study, there is no difference between
historical -
critical study of a past form of the kerygma arid that
study of the teaching of Jesus.
Partly again because very able theologians are
studying and teaching in this field, partly because
critical,
historical scholarship is being combined with existential awareness of that human dilemma and of that divine grace with which the New Testament writings are concerned, partly for other reasons, vital interest in the meaning of the New Testament is increasing.
Bultmann's
critical studies convinced him that the gospels as such are necessarily concerned with only one
historical fact: the «thatness» of Jesus and his cross.
The appeal to the «superiority» of premodern biblical exegesis is best understood as a protest against the reductionism inherent in the long - standing monopoly of the
historical -
critical method, not as a rejection of rigorous
historical study of the Bible.
Yet postmodernism unmasks the pretentions of an exaggerated individualism and the overweening confidence in reason that has shaped the
historical -
critical method of
studying the Bible.
It also launched an effort to digitize the museum's extensive collections and recruit data scientists to harness and organize the data embedded in the millions of natural history objects that can reveal «
critical historical baselines for
studies of environmental and evolutionary change,» she said.
An academic
study at her museum found that students, especially those in rural or poor schools, gained skills like
critical thinking,
historical empathy and tolerance after attending field trips.
The
study finds students who attend a field trip to an art museum experience an increase in
critical thinking skills of 9 percent of a standard deviation, an increase in
historical empathy of 6 percent of a standard deviation, and an improvement in tolerance of 7 percent of a standard deviation.
The
study found that field trips to art museums improve
critical thinking, promote
historical empathy, and increase tolerance.
Students
studying History also need to learn to be able to examine multiple perspectives on the same
historical events and persons, so providing them with articles that present differing perspectives is
critical.
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The film looks at case
studies in present day Little Rock, New York, and Los Angeles through a
critical,
historical lens, applying lessons learned during the period of desegregation after Brown v. Board and the experiences of the Little Rock Nine to the current state of education.