Sentences with phrase «historical sea surface»

The historical sea surface temperature data needs expanding and cleaning up.

For future projections, GFDL atmospheric modelers have developed global models capable of simulating many aspects of the seasonal and year - to - year variability of tropical cyclone frequency in a number of basins, using only historical sea surface temperatures as input.

The Karl study made changes to historical sea surface temperature records, effectively doubling the warming trend of that period to 0.086 degrees Celsius per decade from 0.039 degrees per decade.

However, a confident assessment of human influence on hurricanes will require further studies using models and observations, with emphasis on distinguishing natural from human - induced changes in hurricane activity through their influence on factors such as historical sea surface temperatures, wind shear, and atmospheric vertical stability.

I would classify a topic like «Uncertainty in historical sea surface temperatures» as cutting edge requiring access to recently published primary scientific literature.

Not exact matches

Studies of historical records in India suggest that reduced monsoon rainfall in central India has occurred when the sea surface temperatures in specific regions of the Pacific Ocean were warmer than normal.

Smith, T.M. and R.W. Reynolds, 2005: A global merged land air and sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880 - 1997), J. Clim., 18, 2021 - 2036.

Climatology data from the historical record give a picture of the fluctuations in sea - surface temperature over the last 160 years.

A large ensemble of Earth system model simulations, constrained by geological and historical observations of past climate change, demonstrates our self ‐ adjusting mitigation approach for a range of climate stabilization targets ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 °C, and generates AMP scenarios up to year 2300 for surface warming, carbon emissions, atmospheric CO2, global mean sea level, and surface ocean acidification.

In contrast to historical droughts, future drying is not linked to any particular pattern of change in sea surface temperature but seems to be the result of an overall surface warming driven by rising greenhouse gases.

Like almost all historical climate data, ship - board sea surface temperatures (SST) were not collected with long term climate trends in mind.

But this is in a period that the Bureau has predicted is likely, based on statistical analysis of historical data and current sea surface conditions, to be warmer than the historical average (see here.

In summary, the historical [Sea Surface Temperature] record... may well contain instrumental bias effects that render the data of questionable value in determining long period trends in ocean surface temperatures... Investigators that use the data [to try this] bear a heavy, perhaps impossible, responsibility for ensuring that the potential instrument bias has not contaminated their rSurface Temperature] record... may well contain instrumental bias effects that render the data of questionable value in determining long period trends in ocean surface temperatures... Investigators that use the data [to try this] bear a heavy, perhaps impossible, responsibility for ensuring that the potential instrument bias has not contaminated their rsurface temperatures... Investigators that use the data [to try this] bear a heavy, perhaps impossible, responsibility for ensuring that the potential instrument bias has not contaminated their results.

Regional climate simulations, driven by two «well performing» dynamically downscaled IPCC models, also shows an amplification of historical summer temperature and precipitation extremes is occurring in conjunction with the Pacific sea surface temperature influence on US regional climate.

While consistent with the IPCC assessments of historical warming, it lacks coverage of much of the fast - warming Arctic region and blends surface air temperatures over land with slower - warming sea surface temperatures over the ocean.

Carbon Brief produced a raw global temperature record using using unadjusted ICOADS sea surface temperature measurements gridded by the UK Hadley Centre and raw land temperature measurements assembled by NOAA in version 4 of the Global Historical Climatological Network (GHCN).

For a more general discussion of uncertainty in historical SST measurements and data sets see: Kennedy, J.J. (2013) A review of uncertainty in in situ measurements and data sets of sea - surface temperature.

Finally, the estimates of biases and other uncertainties presented here should not be interpreted as providing a comprehensive estimate of uncertainty in historical sea - surface temperature measurements.

Uncertainties of estimated trends in global - and regional - average sea - surface temperature due to bias adjustments since the Second World War are found to be larger than uncertainties arising from the choice of analysis technique, indicating that this is an important source of uncertainty in analyses of historical sea - surface temperatures.

«Below the sea surface, historical measurements of temperature are far sparser, and the warming is more gradual, about 0.01 °C per decade at 1,000 meters.»

The figure shows that the impact of the adjustment to remove the cold bias from bucket sea surface temperature measurements warms the historical data, decreasing the amount of global warming the data indicate.

The «POGA - H» model also uses historical data for climate forcing, but constrains sea surface temperature in the tropical eastern Pacific (the ENSO region) to follow their historical values.

Historical records of sea - surface temperature (SST) are essential to our understanding of the earth's climate.

NCDC merges their Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 3b (ERSST.v3b) with the Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN - M) version 3.2.0 for land surface air temperSurface Temperature version 3b (ERSST.v3b) with the Global Historical Climatology Network - Monthly (GHCN - M) version 3.2.0 for land surface air tempersurface air temperatures.

References: Smith, T. M., and R. W. Reynolds (2005), A global merged land air and sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880 - 1997), J. Climate, 18, 2021 - 2036.

They first sorted the data into regional patterns, and then compared the temporal behavior of these patterns to common historical climate indices — such as well - known patterns of atmospheric circulation, sea surface temperatures, or even large - scale warming.

We had no «globally and annually averaged land and sea surface temperature» indicator back in medieval times, so we have to rely on the information we can get from historical records and paleoclimate studies.

These datasets include: NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Sea Surface Temperature - WHOI, Version 1.0 U.S. Monthly Extremes Global Historical Climatology Network — Monthly (GHCN - M) Version 3 African Easterly Wave Climatology Version 1 NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Daily Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), Version 1.2 NOAA Climate Data Record (CDR) of Monthly Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), Version 2.2 - 1 Global Surface Summary of the Day — GSOD Monthly Summaries of the Global Historical Climatology Network — Daily (GHCN - D) I nternational Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 1 Monthly International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 2 Monthly International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 3 Monthly International Surface Temperature Initiative (ISTI) Global Land Surface Temperature Databank — Stage 1 Daily... Continued

Although historical records indicate that atmospheric CO2 concentrations and sea surface temperatures have undergone significant oscillations and have exceeded present - day levels in the past [3,4], it is the unprecedented rates of change that are fuelling concerns over whether organisms will retain the capacity to mediate vital ecosystem functions and services [5,6].

The anomaly map on the left is a product of a merged land surface temperature (Global Historical Climatology Network, GHCN) and sea surface temperature (ERSST.v4) anomaly analysis as described in Huang et al. (2016).

GISS relies on data collected by other organizations, specifically, NOAA / NCEI's Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) v3 adjusted monthly mean data as augmented by Antarctic data collated by UK Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and also NOAA / NCEI's Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) v5 data.

However, only weak NAO trends are reproduced in climate simulations of the 20th Century, even with prescribed climate forcings and historical sea - surface conditions.