THE odd leg bones and prominent brow ridges of a fossil
hominid found in Belgium in 1830 clearly belong to an ancient relative of Homo sapiens.
Ardi, he says, was a 120 - centimetre - tall female who lived about a million years before Lucy — the famous
hominid found in Ethiopia in 1974 — roamed the planet.
Research at the University of Witwatersrand and the Transvaal Museum suggests that the animals and
the hominids found at Makansgat were the prey of hyenas and large cats that used the cave as a den.
A. africanus is closely related to Lucy and her kin (Australopithecus afarensis), the gracile
hominids found in the East African Rift Valley at Hadar, at Laetoli in Tanzania and elsewhere.
While scholars can easily dispute the meaning and classification of
hominid finds in Africa, the discoveries in Georgia are provoking near - unanimous wonder and bewilderment.
This story was pieced together based on
hominid finds in Africa's Rift Valley.
Ardi may just be
the hominid find of this century.
Not exact matches
For a $ 199 check and mouth swab sent to the National Geographic's Genographic Project you can
find out if your relatives co-mingled with these extinct species of
hominids.
Every day, new fossil
finds are reported — the first insect, the oldest
hominid, the first sauropod dinosaur, an Eocene whale with legs — and so it goes on.
Famous footprints of nearly 3.7 - million - year - old
hominids,
found in 1976 at Tanzania's Laetoli site, now have sizable new neighbors.
The
hominids are depicted as degenerate and slouching because the first Neanderthal skeleton
found happened to be arthritic.
After a portion of cliff was washed away by the sea, the team
found ancient
hominid footprints within the hardened clay that had been buried beneath, dating back about 900,000 years based on the vegetation preserved in the clay's sediments.
Gibbons focuses on the people who hunt and
find fossils like the 3.5 - million - year - old australopithecine Lucy, discovered in Ethiopia in 1974, and the
hominid skull Toumaï, which was
found in Chad in 2001 and dates from 6 million to 7 million years old — close to the time when our lineage split from that of chimpanzees.
Berger thinks Karabo and an adult female
found nearby represent a new
hominid species, Australopithecus sediba, that may have been the first to walk upright the way modern humans do.
It's unclear whether Homo sapiens or a closely related species made Olorgesailie's Middle Stone Age tools, since no
hominid fossils have been
found there.
The cave is in an area dubbed the Cradle of Humankind because so many
hominid fossils have been
found there.
If there were an earlier
hominid exodus from Africa 2 million years ago or longer, researchers don't expect to
find the proof at Dmanisi.
Stunning
finds in the Republic of Georgia upend long - standing ideas about the first
hominids to journey out of Africa
Being anthropocentric, it would be difficult not to be moved by the images of the
hominid footprints
found by Andrew Hill at Laetoli in Tanzania, estimated at 3.6 million years old.
But this should not deter you, for there are plenty more accessible contributions such as those by Coppens («Brain, locomotion, diet, and culture: how a primate, by chance, became a man»), Phillip Tobias on «The brain of the first
hominid» and Rebecca Cann's chapter «Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution», which as a relative novice, I
found very helpful.
The
find comes hot on the heels of the report of 6 - million - year - old bones
found in Kenya's Tugen Hills, also hailed by their discoverers as belonging to the earliest known
hominid (ScienceNOW, 22 February).
Right now, humans are the only
hominid species on Earth, but it seems unlikely to remain the case, notes Juan Enriquez, CEO of Biotechnomy, a life - sciences investment firm, and a
founding director of the Life Sciences Project at Harvard Business School.
One display case contains the casts of an array of
hominid skulls: the robust, massive - jawed 1.6 - million - year - old Paranthropus robustus from Swartkrans, South Africa; the flat - faced 1.7 - million - year - old Paranthropus boisei from East Turkana, Kenya; the tiny skull and fossilized brain of the 2.5 - million - year - old Taung child, or Australopithecus africanus,
found at Sterkfontein, South Africa.
The hypothesis on dietary differences between modern humans and Neandertals is based on the study of animal bones
found in caves occupied by these two types of
hominids, which can provide clues about their diet, but it is always difficult to exclude large predators living at the same time as being responsible for at least part of this accumulation.
Two South African
hominids from between roughly 1 million and 3 million years ago, Australopithecus africanus and Paranthropus robustus, show lower rates of tooth chipping than H. naledi, at about 21 percent and 13 percent, respectively, the investigators
find.
Thousands of
hominid fossils up to 800,000 years old had been previously
found there, including some bearing cut marks indicative of cannibalism.
But an international team of scientists from the U.S., Germany and Turkey report this week in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology that it
found evidence of the disease in a 500,000 - year - old
hominid fossil unearthed in western Turkey.
When paleoanthropologist Zeresenay Alemseged of the Max Planck Institute in Germany first saw what appeared to be tiny
hominid remains encased in 3.3 - million - year - old sandstone in northern Ethiopia — just miles from where the famous Lucy skeleton was
found 32 years earlier — he knew he had
found something special.
Unlike other
hominids and living apes, Ardi's upper pelvis is positioned behind the lower pelvis, enabling a straight - legged gait, Pontzer and his colleagues
find.
«It may be that these fossils that we're
finding now, these
hominids, had descendants that became extinct,» says Clarke, «and that we haven't yet
found the direct lineage of our ancestry.»
Although sediment analyses date both
finds to around the time of
hominid origins, it's not known whether this creature regularly walked upright, a signature
hominid behavior.
Unlike the East African discoveries, all the southern gracile australopithecines were
found in caves, but these
hominids were probably not cave - dwellers.
When Whitcome's team compared the spines of one male and one female Australopithecus africanus, an early bipedal
hominid that lived roughly 2 million years ago, it
found differences in the number of wedged vertebrae.
Although the Dinaledi
finds are unexpectedly young, H. naledi's ancient - looking characteristics suggest that the
hominid originated near the root of the Homo genus, 2 million years ago or more, Berger and colleagues propose in the third new paper.
In that case, root fusion in Graecopithecus, as
found in later fossil
hominids, indicates a direct evolutionary connection, Begun says.
He has analyzed genetic relationships among diverse groups of people and
finds that today's humans show evidence of interbreeding among Homo erectus, Homo sapiens, and other early
hominids over a wide span of time, from as far back as 1.5 million years ago until the last hypothesized global migration, around 80,000 years ago.
NEANDERTALS ARE US Newly recovered DNA suggests that
hominid fossils previously
found in a Spanish cave come from Neandertals who lived around 430,000 years ago.
Deocampo recently came upon something very similar near Olduvai Gorge, where some of the oldest
hominid fossils have been
found.
The implication of this
find is that many different species of
hominid have walked the earth — and so our story may be more complex than previously imagined.
The evidence that he was more
hominid than ape can be
found in the details.
Almost a million years older than any
hominid remains
found in Europe, they are forcing scholars to rethink not only what constitutes an early human but how those early humans left Africa and peopled the globe.
University of Arkansas anthropologist Mike Plavcan recently reexamined fossils of one of our earliest bipedal ancestors, the 4 million - year - old Australopithecus afarensis, and
found hominids may not have been as marriage minded as previously thought.
First, it was
found in Chad, 1,500 miles from the East African Rift Valley, long the presumed center of
hominid evolution.
This
find raises surprising questions about relationships among far - flung populations of ancient
hominids.
Second, the area where the skull was
found was once forest, not the primordial wide - open savanna where
hominids and their hallmark bipedalism were thought to have evolved.
No
hominids so ancient have ever been
found outside Africa.
SA: Recently, archaeologists working in Ethiopia announced that they had
found evidence that humans were using stone tools to butcher animals 800,000 years earlier than previously thought, and the
hominids in question were probably australopithecines, namely Lucy's species,.
So he threw the magic dart at the map of the world and
found an ancient
hominid against every conceivable odds.
Bill Jungers of Stony Brook University in New York, who was not involved in the study, calls the new -
found hominid «another wonderful austropith».
Yet paleoanthropologists have
found numerous
hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans.