Sentences with phrase «household consumption as»

First, substantial direct or indirect wealth transfers from the state sector to Chinese households will unleash a surge in household consumption as household income rises (and because the interest on bank deposits is an important source of income for most middle and lower middle class households, if the authorities reduce interest rates, as struggling borrowers are demanding, China actually moves in the wrong direction).

Not exact matches

First, there are several categories of spending by households that are lumped into the personal consumption expenditures category in our official GDP statistics that can fairly be counted as investment.

If investment growth falls sharply, especially investment in the real estate sector, it should cause unemployment to surge, which of course puts downward pressure on household income growth as well as on consumption growth, potentially pushing China into a self - reinforcing downward spiral.

First, because they represented a transfer from net savers to net borrowers, they helped to exacerbate the split between the growth in household income (households are net savers) and the growth in GDP (which is generated by net borrowers), and so led directly to the extraordinary imbalance in the Chinese economy in which consumption, as a share of GDP, has declined to perhaps the lowest level ever recorded in history.

If the global economy were to recover much more quickly than most of us expect, and, much more importantly, if Beijing were to initiate a far more aggressive program of privatization and wealth transfer than I think politically possible, perhaps transferring in the first few years the equivalent of as much as 2 - 5 % of GDP, the surge in household income could unleash much stronger consumption growth than we have seen in the past.

I'll focus my attention on the potential size of the change in households» cash flows as well as the effect on the household sector's consumption.

This, combined with widespread moral hazard, had inevitably to result in both tremendous misuse of capital and a sharp decline in the consumption share of GDP (as the household income share declined)-- both of which of course happened to a remarkable degree in China.

But if households retain a low share of everything they produce, with governments and businesses getting the rest, then again, whether they are as thrifty as ants or as spendthrift as grasshoppers, their total consumption will be a low share of total GDP, and the country's total savings, which is equal to GDP minus consumption, will be a high share.

But closing down unnecessary capacity can pay for itself, even if unemployed workers are temporarily put on the government payroll (causing debt to rise, but usually by less than it had before), but only temporarily as Beijing takes other measures to boost household income through wealth transfers from the state and so to boost consumption, a form of demand which is likely to be more labor intensive than the demand created in the process of over-capacity.

This group of super spenders is expected to see its population double over the next five years to 100 million households, and as an economic force they are poised to eclipse the impact of rising but less - wealthy consumers: Their consumption is currently growing at 17 percent a year, compared to just 5 percent among emerging - middle - class and middle - class consumers.

The revisions showed that in the first half of 2017, household consumption and residential investment combined totalled 64.3 per cent as the share of the total economy, a record.

Not surprisingly, household consumption is consequently an extremely low share of GDP, as is total consumption, which consists mostly of household consumption.

As savings were force up structurally, whether because of rising income inequality or a declining household share of GDP, the system responded in ways that were sustainable (increases in productive investment) and in ways that were unsustainable (rising inventory in China, increases in speculative investment in the US, China, and Europe, and increases in credit - financed consumption in the US and southern Europe).

Spain's household savings rate fell to its lowest level on record in the third quarter of last year as high unemployment and wage deflation in the latest recession obliged them to devote more of their disposable income to consumption, according to figures released Wednesday by the National Statistics Institute (INE).

The model would tell us that rather than implement income distribution policies that force up the savings rate, Beijing should redistribute income from the state sector to households so as to force up consumption.

The negative effects of lower oil prices hit the economy right away, and the various positives - more exports because of a stronger U.S. economy and a lower dollar, and more consumption spending as households spend less on fuel - will arrive only gradually, and are of uncertain size.

Growth in household incomes has supported consumption and should continue to do so in the period ahead, as employment and wages continue to grow solidly.

Banks should, he argues, be pushed to support real business investment as opposed to highly leveraged financial speculation and household consumption.

As Adair Turner shows in his new book, Between Debt and the Devil, private sector debt soared as a share of GDP in most advanced economies after the 1980s, fuelling unproductive, debt financed household consumption, housing bubbles and wasteful financial speculatioAs Adair Turner shows in his new book, Between Debt and the Devil, private sector debt soared as a share of GDP in most advanced economies after the 1980s, fuelling unproductive, debt financed household consumption, housing bubbles and wasteful financial speculatioas a share of GDP in most advanced economies after the 1980s, fuelling unproductive, debt financed household consumption, housing bubbles and wasteful financial speculation.

Consumption will remain low as households rebuild their balance sheets.

Households are bound to become more cautious if the prospect of an economic downturn increases, and this would show up as weaker consumption and a rise in precautionary savings.

Generally, you can use distilled white vinegar for household use and the cider vinegars, made from fermenting fruits such as apples, for consumption.

Mean and standard errors of monthly weight gain after adjusting for maternal age; race / ethnicity; education; household income; marital status; parity; postpartum Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children program participation; prepregnancy body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); infant sex; gestational age; birth weight; age at solid food introduction; and sweet drinks consumption.

The research also found some evidence of a «graduation effect», whereby involvement in an alternative food scheme encouraged consumers to change their consumption behaviours in relation to other goods, such as household products and clothes.

The measure - actual individual consumption - takes in all goods and services that a household consumes, including benefits in kind such as health and education.

Eric Paulos at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and colleagues report in a new paper how, as part of a study of domestic energy consumption, they gave 12 US households gadgets called Kill A Watts that reveal the energy use of devices.

It offers modular expandability for integrating devices such as wireless Bluetooth or WLAN power outlets that can remotely activate and deactivate household appliances, or for integrating high - consumption items such as heat pumps.

In that vein, the next suggested X Prize that Diamandis and Panlasigui reviewed proposed having households across the country compete for $ 50 million to see which ones could lower their energy consumption the most — a «giant Darwinian experiment,» as Diamandis put it that morning.

A diet rich in vegetable oils, white flour and sugar, exposure to pesticides and herbicides, consumption of conventionally raised dairy and meat products, the high use of plastics, as well as use of some cosmetics, toiletries and household cleaners, increases the cancer causing 16a OH Estrone metabolite.

Over the next two years Chinese household consumption will continue declining as a share of GDP.

As households increase savings and reduce debt, consumption is lower contributing to slower growth.

If households are getting closer to retrenchment — voluntary or involuntary deleveraging — the reduction in consumption would be problematic for equities as well.

More importantly, says a Harvard study, «The current rate spread is an important influence on mortgage choice, as would be implied by a model in which borrowing - constrained households seek low rates in order to maintain the level of current consumption, or to increase the size of the house they can buy when constrained by bank limitations on mortgage interest - to - income ratios.»

As pet parents learn about the health benefits of RAW diets, household consumption has grown steadily.

Further, the actual return of solar panels depends on a set of variables: future inflation (as the FIT is index - linked), interest rates, electricity prices, and household electricity consumption patterns.

• As a result, if we define net energy consumption as the product of gross energy consumption times an efficiency factor taking into account the efficiency of the energy sources used by households, we may observe an inverted - U relationship between gross energy consumption and income, even though net energy consumption may be monotonically increasing in incomAs a result, if we define net energy consumption as the product of gross energy consumption times an efficiency factor taking into account the efficiency of the energy sources used by households, we may observe an inverted - U relationship between gross energy consumption and income, even though net energy consumption may be monotonically increasing in incomas the product of gross energy consumption times an efficiency factor taking into account the efficiency of the energy sources used by households, we may observe an inverted - U relationship between gross energy consumption and income, even though net energy consumption may be monotonically increasing in income.

Average vehicle fuel consumption: A ratio estimate defined as total gallons of fuel consumed by all vehicles divided by (1) the total number of vehicles (for average fuel consumption per vehicle) or (2) the total number of households (for average fuel consumption per household).

At the same time, household electricity consumption has been going down by about 1 percent a year since 2005, as higher prices forced Germans to save energy.

Data from the 2015 Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) show that the majority of American households use one of three types of equipment as their main source of heat during the winter: natural gas furnaces, electric furnaces, or electric heat pumps.

Though energy prices are expected to increase modestly, energy consumption is expected to counteract these increases as households take advantage of these energy efficiency programs.

Cutting household energy consumption by 5.4 % by 2027 is seen as a worthwhile end — the real priority in the environmentalists» conception of efficiency.

We must continue to improve our scientific understanding, particularly of the impacts of climate change; we must implement policies such as raising the market price of carbon to provide incentives to households to alter their consumption so that they will have a low - carbon diet; we must also raise carbon prices to send a signal to firms like ExxonMobil that their future lies in research, development, and production of low - carbon fuels; and we must devise mechanisms so that countries will join in a global effort rather than one limited to northwest Europe.

In this post, I discuss the trend in the figure below: US monthly personal - consumption expenditures (PCE) for food and energy goods and services as a percentage of total household expenditures.

«Increasing consumption in urbanising China has been identified as an important driver of household carbon footprints over the last 20 years due to the growing urban population and incomes, while decreasing carbon intensity of the Chinese economy only weakly dampens these trends,» the study says.

South Africa is cited as an example of a country that would benefit, as electric water heating currently accounts for a third of average household (coal - based) power consumption there.

During the 1960s, the expansion in publicly provided services created employment opportunities for women and as men's wage increases started to stall, married women took on part - time jobs in order to maintain household consumption standards.

The automobile had been invented and entered mass production in the early 1900s, but just as the internal combustion engine started to prevail over electric cars at that time and mass production took hold with Ford's Model T bringing some cars and trucks into upper middle class households and into use by businesses and farms, the Great Depression and World War II dramatically reduced private personal consumption, so for the two decades from about 1929 until the several years after World War II that it took to convert factories from war production to civilian peacetime production, the automobile industry's private sector sales were greatly suppressed, domestic civilian road and bridge construction came to a near halt during World War II as government funds were diverted to the war effort, and domestic oil consumption was likewise suppressed.

LONDON — February 8, 2018 — With energy consumption of each bitcoin transaction equal to 17.5 U.S household's daily consumption as of January...

- More than six in ten households with Internet access have a Wi - Fi network at home: Sixty - two percent of homes with Internet access have wireless network set - ups in their homes, more easily enabling the consumption of digital media in any room of their home, as more and more devices feature built - in Wi - Fi.

The Pew Internet report, in conjunction with Elon University, found that 51 percent of survey participants agreed that by 2020, the connected household will have «become a model of efficiency, as people are able to manage consumption of resources (electricity, water, food, even bandwidth) in ways that place less of a burden on the environment while saving households money.»