Sentences with phrase «how aerosols»

It is vital for climate change scientists to discover more about how aerosols affect the formation of clouds and weather, says Chungu Lu, program director of the National Science Foundation's Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences that financed the research.

There's a large amount of uncertainty about how aerosols affect climate, especially through the indirect effects on clouds.

CSIRO's Dr Leon Rotstayn said that further research into how aerosols are influencing climate and rainfall patterns across Australia is critical to scientists» ability to more accurately predict the longer - term effects of climate change.

In the decades that followed, scientists continued to puzzle over exactly how aerosols from tailpipes and smokestacks alter the weather, in part because the particles are incredibly difficult to study.

how aerosols from long - range transport and local sources influence cloud and precipitation in the U.S. West Coast, where ARs make landfall and post-frontal clouds are frequent.

However, this is dependent on how aerosols are used, Jones says.

NASA's P - 3 research plane begins flights this month through both clouds and smoke over the South Atlantic Ocean to understand how aerosols change the properties of clouds.

So I'd like to here you or some other expert give a more detailed account of how aerosols are dealt with in the IPCC AR4 and how that is different now.

how aerosols from long - range transport and local sources influence cloud and precipitation on the U.S. West Coast where ARs make landfall and post-frontal clouds are frequent.

Note too that the details of how aerosols are implemented in any specific model can also make a difference to the forcing, and there are many (as yet untested) assumptions built into the forcing reconstructions.

Similarly, simulations could not explain how aerosols carry pollutants thousands of miles away from the sources to pristine environments.

They are working to understand how the aerosols change their physical properties when exposed to different environmental conditions and the ensuing chemical reactions.

Scientists are working to understand how these aerosols affect the Earth's energy budget.

Zhang adds that «we need to do some future research on exactly how these aerosols are transported globally and impact climate.

Scientists have some idea of how aerosols change a cloud's inner workings but the microphysics of charge separation and lightning generation are still not fully understood.

Ultimately, scientists hope to learn how aerosols affect clouds, how much aerosols are produced by humans and nature and how they travel in the atmosphere.

What Shaw and Cantrell want to better understand is how aerosols affect the size where cloud droplets become heavy enough to fall as rain.

Cargo ships crossing oceans emit exhaust continuously and scientists can use ship exhaust to better understand how aerosols affect cloud formation.

Climate change is likely to influence rainfall patterns in the Sierra Nevada as well as the amount of dust that makes its way into the atmosphere, so the hope is that a better understanding of how aerosols affect precipitation will help water managers in the future.

This year, Summit's list of long - term visitors includes Brandon Strellis, an environmental engineering graduate student from the Georgia Institute of Technology studying how aerosols influence how much energy is reflected and absorbed by Greenland's ice — and where those particles are coming from.

The instrument will measure how aerosol particles in the atmosphere reflect or absorb light.

Anyway, I'm wondering how the aerosol - cooling effect balances up against the soot - and - CO2 - warming effect in eastern Asia these days.

The second study meanwhile looked at how aerosol emissions impact the Earth's temperature through a phenomenon the researchers call «transient climate sensitivity,» or how much of the Earth's temperature will change when the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reaches twice its level during the pre-industrial times.

How aerosol forcing may have changed during this time span, we don't know for sure, since definitive measurements are not available.

This also depends on how our aerosol and soot emissions change in the future.

The deployment enabled the study of how aerosol and cloud life cycles, including cloud - aerosol - precipitation interactions, are influenced by pollutant outflow from a tropical megacity.

A recent study from Stanford has shown how aerosol

Not exact matches

That's how the early aerosol cans tended to fizzle out.

Some experiments could have a very practical payoff, he says: a better understanding of how noxious aerosols — a component of smog that plagues cities like Beijing and New Delhi — form and degrade in the atmosphere.

Another source of uncertainty comes from the direct effect of aerosols from human origins: How much do they reflect and absorb sunlight directly as particles?

Exactly how much natural aerosols from volcanoes and sea spray cool the climate remains an elusive question

Scientists can measure how much energy greenhouse gases now add (roughly three watts per square meter), but what eludes precise definition is how much other factors — the response of clouds to warming, the cooling role of aerosols, the heat and gas absorbed by oceans, human transformation of the landscape, even the natural variability of solar strength — diminish or strengthen that effect.

How much radiation is reflected by sulphur dioxide aerosols varies according to the size of the droplets, their height in the atmosphere, whether it is night or day, what season it is and several other factors.

CLOUD has also investigated how the 11 - year solar cycle influences the formation of aerosol particles in our present - day atmosphere.

Any new scientific knowledge about the global environment, whether the biochemistry of how plants suck up CO2 and release moisture or the optical properties of sulfate aerosols, is eventually transformed into equations and woven into the computer simulations.

And by carefully measuring and modeling the resulting changes in atmospheric composition, scientists could improve their estimate of how sensitive Earth's climate is to CO2, said lead author Joyce Penner, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Michigan whose work focuses on improving global climate models and their ability to model the interplay between clouds and aerosol particles.

This finding has implications for the role of sea spray aerosols in climate, especially on how they interact with solar radiation,» says Paul Zieger, assistant professor at ACES and co-author of the study.

At this point however, it is not clear how this amount compares to primary urban aerosol sources.

A new simulation created by scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., reveals just how far around the globe such aerosol particles can fly on the wind.

The difference in lightning activity can't be explained by changes in the weather, according to the study's authors, who conclude that aerosol particles emitted in ship exhaust are changing how storm clouds form over the ocean.

To find out if these inaccuracies could be mitigated, a team of scientists decided to use the Japanese K computer to perform fine - grained simulations of how black carbon aerosols are transported to and distributed in the Arctic region.

But if the decrease in aerosols is driving the brightening trend and the yield increase, there's a limit to how low those emissions can get.

The findings should explain how the multicomponent aerosols affect clouds, solar radiation and ultimately the earth's global climate and energy balance.

The computer model determines how the average surface temperature responds to changing natural factors, such as volcanoes and the sun, and human factors — greenhouse gases, aerosol pollutants, and so on.

Combined with measurements from an instrument aboard NASA's Calipso satellite — another member of the A-Train — the data from Glory's APS will allow scientists to understand how different types of aerosols are distributed throughout the layers of the atmosphere.

The second scientific instrument carried aboard Glory is designed to measure how tiny particles called aerosols influence Earth's climate.

«Long term, our goal is to be able to predict how much precipitation we can expect to form when certain aerosols such as dust are coming toward us,» says Prather.

Studying clouds and aerosols won't just help scientists study the climate, it's also a chance to investigate air quality and how atmospheric particles affect daily life.

«I had done some work modeling aerosols produced by volcanic eruptions for other projects, so I started looking into how we might detect an eruption and what it would tell us.»

«The heating ability of dust aerosols largely determines how the monsoon responds to dust,» Jin said.