Sentences with phrase «how aerosols change»

NASA's P - 3 research plane begins flights this month through both clouds and smoke over the South Atlantic Ocean to understand how aerosols change the properties of clouds.

They are working to understand how the aerosols change their physical properties when exposed to different environmental conditions and the ensuing chemical reactions.

Scientists have some idea of how aerosols change a cloud's inner workings but the microphysics of charge separation and lightning generation are still not fully understood.

Not exact matches

Climate change is likely to influence rainfall patterns in the Sierra Nevada as well as the amount of dust that makes its way into the atmosphere, so the hope is that a better understanding of how aerosols affect precipitation will help water managers in the future.

And by carefully measuring and modeling the resulting changes in atmospheric composition, scientists could improve their estimate of how sensitive Earth's climate is to CO2, said lead author Joyce Penner, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Michigan whose work focuses on improving global climate models and their ability to model the interplay between clouds and aerosol particles.

The difference in lightning activity can't be explained by changes in the weather, according to the study's authors, who conclude that aerosol particles emitted in ship exhaust are changing how storm clouds form over the ocean.

The computer model determines how the average surface temperature responds to changing natural factors, such as volcanoes and the sun, and human factors — greenhouse gases, aerosol pollutants, and so on.

«Once the ocean - atmosphere system was isolated, we could systematically probe how changes in the seawater due to biological activity affect the composition and climate properties of the sea spray aerosol,» said Prather, a professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry who holds a joint appointment at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

The team is studying how hydrophobic organic molecules, commonly present in the atmosphere, change the aerosols» formation, properties, and behavior.

Results: Tiny bits of atmospheric dust and particles called aerosols may play a big role in global climate change, but just how big a role is not well understood.

This method tries to maximize using pure observations to find the temperature change and the forcing (you might need a model to constrain some of the forcings, but there's a lot of uncertainty about how the surface and atmospheric albedo changed during glacial times... a lot of studies only look at dust and not other aerosols, there is a lot of uncertainty about vegetation change, etc).

Then there are the tests of climate changes themselves: how does a model respond to the addition of aerosols in the stratosphere such as was seen in the Mt Pinatubo «natural experiment»?

So the Glory mission was a key part of understanding how both natural (Sun) and human (aerosols) forcings are acting to change our current and future climate.

Recently I have been looking at the climate models collected in the CMIP3 archive which have been analysed and assessed in IPCC and it is very interesting to see how the forced changes — i.e. the changes driven the external factors such as greenhouse gases, tropospheric aerosols, solar forcing and stratospheric volcanic aerosols drive the forced response in the models (which you can see by averaging out several simulations of the same model with the same forcing)-- differ from the internal variability, such as associated with variations of the North Atlantic and the ENSO etc, which you can see by looking at individual realisations of a particular model and how it differs from the ensemble mean.

The second study meanwhile looked at how aerosol emissions impact the Earth's temperature through a phenomenon the researchers call «transient climate sensitivity,» or how much of the Earth's temperature will change when the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reaches twice its level during the pre-industrial times.

How aerosol forcing may have changed during this time span, we don't know for sure, since definitive measurements are not available.

On the question of hurricanes, the theoretical arguments that more energy and water vapor in the atmosphere should lead to stronger storms are really sound (after all, storm intensity increases going from pole toward equator), but determining precisely how human influences (so including GHGs [greenhouse gases] and aerosols, and land cover change) should be changing hurricanes in a system where there are natural external (solar and volcanoes) and internal (e.g., ENSO, NAO [El Nino - Southern Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation]-RRB- influences is quite problematic — our climate models are just not good enough yet to carry out the types of sensitivity tests that have been done using limited area hurricane models run for relatively short times.

Generally, research considers only how greenhouse gases contribute to climate change, but this study examined the role of released aerosols — that dusty, smoky, hard - to - see - through particulate matter suspended in the atmosphere.

Vinnikov et al. (1999) used the aforementioned GFDL and Hadley Centre climate models, forced by greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols, to project how Arctic sea ice extent would change in the future.

This relationship between cumulative emissions and warming is not perfect, as it will change based on what happens to non-CO2 greenhouse gases, such as methane and nitrous oxide, as well as how quickly climate - cooling aerosols are reduced.

How would the answer to this change if the pause was either A. an offset of GHG's and aerosols and other anthro cooling forcings, or B. an offset of GHG's by primarily (> 50 %) natural cooling trends?

Changes over the next few decades in the types of aerosol pollutants and where they are emitted will affect how climate cChanges over the next few decades in the types of aerosol pollutants and where they are emitted will affect how climate changeschanges.

The computer model determines how the average surface temperature responds to changing natural factors, such as volcanoes and the sun, and human factors — greenhouse gases, aerosol pollutants, and so on.

As humankind adds carbon dioxide, aerosol particles, and other nasty things to the atmosphere, we can expect our climate to change over the 21st Century, but it's not easy to predict how fast the climate should change and how it will change in different parts of the world.

NASA's P - 3 research plane begins flights this month through both clouds and smoke over the South Atlantic Ocean to understand how tiny airborne particles called aerosols change the properties of clouds and how they influence the amount of incoming sunlight the clouds reflect or absorb.

This also depends on how our aerosol and soot emissions change in the future.

«In order to develop climate models, we have to consider microphysical processes, such as how a cloud droplet gets formed and how such droplets and physical conditions inside and outside of a cloud are changed by the presence of aerosols,» she said.

The seawater contains phytoplankton, which is the foundation of the food chain in the ocean and the catalyst that begins the process of how sea spray aerosol particles can change global climate.

It would put the infamous parameterization exercise (figuring out how much instrumental global temp change is due to solar, volcanoes, aerosols, GHGs, etc.) right back on the table... where it belongs.

The NASA scientists ran climate models using just one forcing at a time — changes in greenhouse gases, aerosol pollution, land use changes, etc. — to see how efficient each is at changing the global surface temperature.

The projected radiative - forced increase of extreme surface temperatures and stronger spring barrier for wet season onset (Cook et al., 2010a; Seth et al., 2011) would increase risk of forest fires (Golding and Betts, 2008), although how changes of ENSO, AMO, and aerosols loadings will influence future droughts remain unclear (e.g., Andreae et al., 2005).

How much could LLGHGs, ozone, aerosols, etc have changed over that period?

This chapter focuses on process understanding and considers observations, theory and models to assess how clouds and aerosols contribute and respond to climate change.

CSIRO's Dr Leon Rotstayn said that further research into how aerosols are influencing climate and rainfall patterns across Australia is critical to scientists» ability to more accurately predict the longer - term effects of climate change.

Influences on Climate The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect Roger Revelle's Discovery Other Greenhouse Gases Aerosols: Volcanoes, Dust, Clouds Biosphere: How Life Alters Climate Changing Sun, Changing Climate?

Shindell's paper further focuses on improving our understanding of how airborne particles, called aerosols, drive climate change in the Northern Hemisphere.

It is vital for climate change scientists to discover more about how aerosols affect the formation of clouds and weather, says Chungu Lu, program director of the National Science Foundation's Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences that financed the research.