Sentences with phrase «how animal brains»

Not exact matches

It turned out that the toys and tastes, no matter how stimulating, had not improved the animals» brains.

In a work recently completed, but not yet published, I have explained how the adaptability of animal bodily systems, especially the brain, which Meredith and Stein have remarkably demonstrated in respect of the senses in their The Merging of the Senses and which is seen in infant language - learning in a way discussed by Meltzoff, Butterworth and others, reaches a peak in the case of the human use of language so that it is solely semantic and communicational constraints which determine grammar and nothing universal in grammar is determined by neurology.

These scientist, and doctors, can not remake skin, bone, eyes, brains, oval eggs, sperm, none of the sort, so they have no real answer to create a life other than how procreation works, where again what, and how is the very first man, or woman, animal, other creatures, either in the sea, or creeping on this earth was originally created from, as where did they first come from?

The amazing advances in molecular biology blur the traditional hierarchical distinctions between man, animal, plant and mineral; and the neurophysiological «explanation» of human consciousness in terms of the components and machinations of the brain even more dramatically illustrates how pure «matter» has assumed dominance in any attempt to make sense of our universe and its manifestations.

Researchers hope the organoids will be better than lab animals or cells growing in culture at revealing how the human brain develops, both normally and when things go awry, and identify potential therapeutic or genome - editing targets.

«By studying how education changes the brain, we can find out how this uniquely human experience induces change in both brain structure and function — something we can not do with animal models.»

Permanent How do odor chemicals trigger the sensation of smell in the brain of humans and animals?

But neuroscientists, using animal studies, have been making substantial progress in understanding how individual memories are encoded in the brain.

To learn how the rats» genes had changed in response to the brain injury, the researchers analyzed genes from five animals in each group.

As for the Lund researchers, the method provides a tool for studying how neurons cooperate inside a healthy brain and in animal models with different neurological diseases.

They are also studying how structures that enable blood - brain barrier crossing might differ from one animal species to another.

The example of kuru helped to show how BSE — mad cow disease — spread through the feeding of infected cattle brains to other animals, and how this led to variant Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease (vCJD).

Page and his colleagues, who use animal models to understand how autism risk factors impact the developing brain and to identify potential treatments for the condition, have found that animals with mutations in the autism risk gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) mimic aspects of autism, including increased brain size, social deficits and increased repetitive behavior.

«We are studying the nature versus nurture problem: how much of the brain's wiring and the animal's behavior is determined by genetics versus experience.

Arnold Kriegstein, a neuroscientist at the University of California, San Francisco, also argues that though the scientists found inhibitory interneurons strikingly depleted in the brains of the oxygen - deprived piglets, this alone can not account for the dramatic shrinking of the animals» overall brain size and the diminished number of cortical folds «The interneurons are part of the story but not the entire story of how the brain is affected by this kind of [lack of oxygen].»

To understand how they work, it's easiest to start from the beginning, in 1943, when neurophysiologist Warren McCulloch and mathematician Walter Pitts used math to describe the function of neurons in animal brains.

The Duke researchers who made this discovery say it may help explain how a relatively small number of genes can create the dazzling array of different cell types found in human brains and the nervous systems in other animals.

Here's how it could have happened: The cross-modal area of the brain might have evolved to link an oblique image hitting the retina (caused by viewing a tilted branch) with an «oblique» sequence of muscle twitches (leading the animal to grab the branch at an angle).

«These findings give us a better idea of how animals» brains couple with their bodies to move through the environment... how they manage to maneuver with incredible grace and agility almost everywhere on the planet,» said Sponberg.

Mounted on a rat's head, the 1.5 - inch plastic and titanium instrument allows the animal to move freely and captures in real time how brain cells interact during everyday behaviors.

We thought that if viruses could bind to receptors in these spaces and change how brain cells normally communicate, the virus could change behavior of the infected animal.»

«We will look at how a code of neural signals is sent to the brain, to see if it is in fact faster than with other animals and whether it has other advantages,» says Marshall.

«In addition to being used in animal studies to help us understand how the brain works, this new endoscope might one day be useful for certain applications in people,» said Shay Ohayon, who developed the device as a postdoctoral researcher in James DiCarlo's lab at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

«The OFC appears to carry a lot of varied information,» he notes, and although the activity that Redish and colleagues detected is intriguing, «discovering whether and how the animal uses each kind of information in other parts of the brain is still very much an ongoing task in the field.»

To map how the same sense can be perceived differently in the brain, the NYU Langone team, led by postdoctoral fellow Kishore Kuchibhotla, PhD, monitored nerve circuit activity in mice when the animals expected, and did not expect, to get a water reward through a straw - like tube (that they see) after the ringing of a familiar musical note.

It also remains unclear how knocking down expression of certain genes in zygotes via sperm miRNA leads to altered stress response in adult animals and altered gene expression in the brain.

Co-author James Makinson said: «Understanding how small - brained animals like bees find efficient rules - of - thumb to accomplish complex and flexible behaviours has great potential to inform the development of artificial intelligence and advanced robots.

How else can our brains achieve so much mind power without using any more energy, pound for pound, than the brains of other animals?

Kiper proposed to look at how the brain changes when an animal learns novel tasks — findings that could eventually help human victims of stroke.

This research offers key insights into how brain activity is shaped and refined as animals learn to repeat behaviors that evoke a feeling of pleasure.

«This paper provides novel evidence for memory impairment in large animals that have brains similar to humans,» says Paul Buckmaster, a neurobiologist at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, whom Cook consulted about how to do memory tests.

In his new book Why Humans Like to Cry, neurologist Trimble delves into how evolution and culture seemingly shaped the human brain to express emotion on a higher level than the rest of the animal kingdom.

A new study from the University of Cambridge has identified one of the oldest fossil brains ever discovered — more than 500 million years old — and used it to help determine how heads first evolved in early animals.

IF TWO animals have identical brain cells, how different can they really be?

A team of scientists has linked changes in the structure of a handful of central brain neurons to understanding how animals adjust to changing seasons.

The speed with which an animal sees depends on how quickly the light - detecting cells in its eye can capture snapshots of the world and send them to their brain, the authors report.

For example, now that we've used brain signals to control an artificial arm, we can progress to experiments in which we change the properties of the arm or provide visual or tactile feedback to the animal, and explore how the brain adapts to it.»

Neuroscientists at Duke University have introduced a new paradigm for brain - machine interfaces that investigates the physiological properties and adaptability of brain circuits, and how the brains of two or more animals can work together to complete simple tasks.

He added that the existence of episodic memory in lower animals has implications for research on human diseases that affect memory, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, since the majority of research on the brain — and the drugs used to treat memory diseases and dementia — start out based on insights into how the brain works in rats.

This tells us how much an animal is «investing» in its brain.

But a better understanding of how these drugs work in animal studies, and the advancement of brain - imaging techniques, has sparked a swathe of new research.

What color vision means to animals is tricky science, because while we can examine the comparative anatomy of eyes, it's much more complicated to determine how an individual species» central nervous system and brain interpret what the eye sees.

To investigate just how this change affects an animal's sense of novelty, Burwell and her colleagues infected brain cells in rats» perirhinal cortex with a virus containing a light - activated channel.

Stephan Lautenschlager, lead author of the paper, said: «The two different growth stages of Dysalotosaurus provided a unique opportunity to study their brain, and how it developed during the growth of the animal.»

The brain activity could also predict how close the animals were to each other, as well as the passenger's proximity to the reward.

In a related research project, Timiras injected young and old rats with overdoses of adrenocortical hormones to test how the treatment altered their brain structure; the brain hemorrhaged and swelled, more so in the elderly animals.

He analysed videos of zebras with a motion detection program that mimics how movement is encoded in the animal brain.

Read previous Zoologger columns: The only males with more brain than females, How a blurry - eyed spider pounces on target, Gecko's amputated tail has life of its own, Unique life form is half plant, half animal, Transgender fish perform reverse sex flip, My brain's so big it spills into my legs, Dozy hamsters reverse the ageing process, To kill a mockingbird?

Animal models like flies are helping to fill gaps in current knowledge about how the brain works, notes Sehgal.

Gammie and his colleagues studied mice a few days after they gave birth and tested how the animals reacted to differing levels of corticotropin - releasing hormone (CRH), which is released in the brain and helps control behavior.