Sentences with phrase «how atmospheric carbon»

According to a recent study, they can accelerate how atmospheric carbon moves into the deep ocean.

Ultimately, such studies will lead to a complete understanding of how atmospheric carbon dioxide is captured and transformed by ocean surfaces, a crucial role in the carbon cycle.

By analyzing boron in shells accumulated over more than 2 million years, Hönisch was able to reconstruct in unprecedented detail how atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have changed over time.

A crucial reason why the study of freshwater acidification has lagged until now is because determining how atmospheric carbon affects these ecosystems requires complex modeling, and is much less clear than that occurring in oceans, according to study author Linda Weiss, an aquatic ecologist at Ruhr University Bochum in Germany.

Not exact matches

The study concludes that incorporating this new insight into soil models will improve our understanding of how soils influence atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and global climate.

This will reveal both the signatures of atmospheric ingredients such as water, methane, and carbon dioxide, and also how heat flows from the planet's dayside to its nightside.

The model also considered how reducing soot could impact other atmospheric emissions, including sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxide and organic carbon.

But the carbon dynamic in these forests is not fully understood, making it difficult to know how well this plan is reducing atmospheric levels of CO2.

To explain this apparent paradox, the researchers called upon a theory for how the global carbon cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide and Earth's temperature are linked on geologic timescales.

Those techniques have led to everything from the development of catalysts that remove poisonous carbon monoxide from car exhaust to the understanding of how ice crystals in stratospheric clouds supercharge atmospheric chlorine's ability to destroy the planet's protective ozone layer.

«The Paleocene - Eocene thermal maximum has stood out as a striking, but contested, example of how 21st - century - style atmospheric carbon dioxide buildup can affect climate, environments and ecosystems worldwide,» says Bowen, an associate professor of geology and geophysics at the University of Utah.

This new research helps to establish how coastal waters influence atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and, in turn, climate.

Although the earth has experienced exceptional warming over the past century, to estimate how much more will occur we need to know how temperature will respond to the ongoing human - caused rise in atmospheric greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide.

Since 1956, when the monitoring of atmospheric CO2 concentrations began at Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO), many more stations have been added to measure the amount of carbon in the atmosphere and how it varies seasonally and geographically.

Gilbert explains that without a reliable method to detect missing wood, you can not understand how trees are contributing to or moderating increasing levels of global atmospheric carbon, or how apparently healthy forests and tree species are responding to shifts in climate.

To test his idea, Salzmann used a computer model of the Earth system to find out how the climate would react to a doubling of the atmospheric carbon - dioxide concentration.

We have no idea, for example, how much of the atmospheric carbon being absorbed by the surface of the oceans reaches the bottom, nor how long that takes.

«OCO - 2 was designed to help locate and identify natural regional processes that serve as sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and how these vary with time and location,» explained Annmarie Eldering, a NASA scientist working on the mission.

There is, therefore, much current interest in how coccolithophore calcification might be affected by climate change and ocean acidification, both of which occur as atmospheric carbon dioxide increases.

Figuring out just how long the continent has been a barren, cold desert of ice can give clues as to how Antarctica responded to the effects of past climates and can perhaps also indicate what to expect there in the future as Earth's atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide grows.

They were Jorge Sarmiento, an oceanographer at Princeton University who constructs ocean - circulation models that calculate how much atmospheric carbon dioxide eventually goes into the world's oceans; Eileen Claussen, executive director of the Pew Center for Global Climate Change in Washington, D.C.; and David Keith, a physicist with the University of Calgary in Alberta who designs technological solutions to the global warming problem.

«If we want to predict more precisely how human perturbation is going to impact atmospheric CO2, and therefore climate, we have to better understand how forests take up and release carbon.»

Receding Himalayan glaciers Almost six years ago, I was the editor of a single - topic issue on energy for Scientific American that included an article by Princeton University's Robert Socolow that set out a well - reasoned plan for how to keep atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations below a planet - livable threshold of 560 ppm.

Using specially developed model configurations, the team studies how Arctic whitening would be expected to play out in a world with four times the preindustrial amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and an Arctic that is about 10 degrees Celsius hotter (18 degrees Fahrenheit).

Climate change scenarios are based on projections of future greenhouse gas (particularly carbon dioxide) emissions and resulting atmospheric concentrations given various plausible but imagined combinations of how governments, societies, economies, and technologies will change in the future.

The definition uses atmospheric databases called HITRAN (high - resolution transmission molecular absorption) and HITEMP (high - temperature spectroscopic absorption parameters) that characterize planetary atmospheres in light of how both carbon dioxide and water are absorbed.

As summarized by geoscientist James Kasting in his 2010 book «How to Find a Habitable Planet»,» [h] abitable zones around Sun - like (F, G, and Early K) stars should be relatively wide because of the natural feedback between atmospheric CO2 [carbon dioxide] levels and climate — the same feedback loop that kept the Earth habitable early its history.

Here's how it works: Grass plants convert solar energy (and atmospheric carbon dioxide) into plant biomass, and the cow synthesizes that plant material into her own energy via the cellulose - digesting microbes in her rumen.

These changes alter the biospheric carbon cycle, and can significantly affect how much carbon is cycled through plant matter, in turn causing changes in atmospheric CO2.

In part, my article, «How We Ran Out of Airtime,» considers the current human - generated carbon dioxide buildup in relation to a tumultuous period of atmospheric disruption triggered by another life form some 2.4 billion years ago.

I will give this question another shot - Critical to how significant a grassland management scheme is to sequestering atmospheric carbon is the maximum carbon that can be stored / acre and what is the half - life of carbon in the soil.

You may wish to check these out yourself, Fred, to get a better picture of how the natural carbon cycle is responding to higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations.

If you accept that carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and that human fossil fuel use is now the dominant contributor to atmospheric CO2 changes, then knowing how much global temperatures respond to increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is important for understanding the future climate.

Ignoring the physics of the problem — how the asserted heat was transferred from atmospheric carbon dioxide, through the sea surface, and beyond the first mile of ocean waters, without being detected — they expect us to believe that fluid thermodynamics is akin to magic.

The study shows that satellite observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are a useful tool toward understanding how semiarid ecosystems will respond to climate change in the future.

Historical temperature time series and series of atmospheric carbon dioxide measurements show clearly how climate has changed over the past 100 years.

Saying «How much warming will a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide actually produce?»

What is concerning is the possibility that rapid global warming could occur faster than many people believe is possible, if global warming due to atmospheric carbon dioxide causes the Earth's atmosphere to warm enough to release enormous deposits of frozen methane (CH4) that are stored in the permafrost above the Arctic Circle and in frozen methane ice, known as methane hydrate, underneath the floors of the oceans throughout the world (see: How Methane Gas Releases Due To Global Warming Could Cause Human Extinction).

Joanie Kleypas is a marine scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, who investigates how rising atmospheric carbon dioxide is affecting marine ecosystems.

1) How much warming will an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide cause directly?

Even if we could discriminate between human - originated CO2 and natural CO2 isotopically with reliability I don't see how carbon isotope measurements could prove we have increased atmospheric CO2 by 40 % anyway (or 110ppm) because, problematically, CO2 has a very short atmospheric residence time.

It's early days, but this first real - world measurement of a slowdown in the ocean's ability to dissolve carbon could have worrying implications for those currently thinking about how to stabilize atmospheric greenhouse levels.

Using a crop model they compared how well spring wheat in China and groundnuts in West Africa would grow under these scenarios when compared to a third «control» scenario that holds atmospheric carbon dioxide at 440ppm.

Although the earth has experienced exceptional warming over the past century, to estimate how much more will occur we need to know how temperature will respond to the ongoing human - caused rise in atmospheric greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide.

If you had said in the first place that you don't understand how a specific estimate is made of the extent of global warming to be expected from a specified increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide, I would not have tried to offer an explanation, because I don't understand that either.

It is common knowledge that climate is affected by atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, but what can be less obvious is how carbon dioxide is affected by the climate.

What's new here is the application of a detailed version of one of the world's premier climate system models, the CCSM, to understand how rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide affected conditions in the world's oceans and land surfaces enough to trigger a massive extinction hundreds of millions of years ago.»

Our DOE Comment focuses entirely on the new science concerning the equilibrium climate sensitivity, that is, how much the earth's average surface temperature will increase from a doubling of the atmospheric carbon dioxide content.

Also, while we have good atmospheric measurements of other key greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, we have poor measurements of global water vapor, so it is not certain by how much atmospheric concentrations have risen in recent decades or centuries, though satellite measurements, combined with balloon data and some in - situ ground measurements indicate generally positive trends in global water vapor.»

Secretary Kerry should not use the SEIS to duck the significance of the U.S. National Interest Determination for whether, or how much, of what has been termed the tar sands «carbon bomb» stays in the ground or is ultimately added to the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide.