Sentences with phrase «how cell mutations»

Navin's team developed Nuc - Sec as a single - cell genome sequencing method and applied it to study how cell mutations occur in both types of breast cancer.

Not exact matches

While other papers have examined these mutations using expensive and time - consuming experiments on live ferrets and laboratory cell cultures, Deem and Melia Bonomo used the pEpitope method to rapidly calculate how much the egg - passage mutations would decrease vaccine efficacy in humans.

A further issue is that tracking mutations through bulk analysis of cells is typically based on certain assumptions as to how mutations arise and what their frequencies mean.

These results significantly advance understanding of how cancer cells are made to move during metastasis and may provide more precise targets for drugs to stop cancer metastasis in patients where there are oncogenic mutations.

The work, funded by the US National Human Genome Research Institute, aims to create human cell lines with subtly different genomes in order to test ideas about which mutations cause disease and how.

Meanwhile, recent human studies indicate that aging is associated with an increase in somatic mutations in the hematopoietic system, which gives rise to blood cells; these mutations provide a competitive growth advantage to the mutant hematopoietic cells, allowing for their clonal expansion — a process that has been shown to be associated with a greater incidence of atherosclerosis, though specifically how remains unclear.

The 1917 virus had infection and mortality rates typical of seasonal flu, but a single mutation in the proteins affecting how the virus binds to a host cell may have led to the deadly 1918 wave, which killed more than 50 million people worldwide.

Exactly how the S139N mutation strengthens Zika's ability to infect brain cells remains unknown.

Kornelia Polyak, an oncologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston, says that cancer researchers tend to focus on the mutations inside cells, and fail to consider how those mutated cells might influence the cells around them.

That mutation helps determine how the various cells in the worm respond to insulin and IGF signaling.

How it spreads: Unlike normal cancers, where the disease - causing mutation is confined to one organism, devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) cells have evolved the ability to spread from devil to devil.

They bombarded a cell with X-rays to see how often different mutations appeared as a function of the radiation's frequency and intensity.

So how do all those specific mutations occur so rapidly without destroying the cells?

But at the time, they thought it might take years to pinpoint the precise position of the gene, sequence it, and understand how it causes mutations to accumulate in tumour cells (This Week, 15 May).

These genes are believed to be essential for the normal function of nerve cells, and previous studies have linked these mutations to problems with synaptic function — how neurons communicate with each other.

It also allows «lineage tracing,» showing when during brain development the mutations arise and how they spread through brain tissue as the mutated cells grow, replicate and migrate, carrying the mutation with them.

«We reproduced in the lab the genetic change to Smchd1 found in one of the families to better understand how this mutation alters Smchd1 and its ability to function in the cell.

Researchers are creating organoids from tumor cells to mimic cancers and introducing specific mutations into organoids made from healthy tissue to study how cancer arises.

The authors said their results, which they have made publicly available, constitute an invaluable resource to help clinicians predict which chemotherapies will be most effective against tumor cells with particular genetic mutations, and how to rationally combine therapies to prevent cancers from developing resistance.

Still unclear is how the methuselah gene mutation makes flies more stress - resistant, but the amino acid sequence of the protein it makes may be part of a signaling pathway that controls how well cells resist or repair these stresses.

«We know very little about how gene mutations in tumor cells can change how a tumor might respond or not to certain chemotherapy drugs.

Though a range of developmental scenarios in multiple brain regions is surely at work in ASDs, the researchers said the ability to place these specific genetic mutations in one specific set of cells — among hundreds of cell types in the brain, and at a specific point in human development — is a critical step in beginning to understand how autism comes about.

Researchers believe they have learned how mutations in the gene that causes Huntington's disease kill brain cells, a finding that could open new opportunities for treating the fatal disorder.

We have seen how a healthy 70 - year - old has accumulated more than 1,000 mutations in each stem cell in the muscle, and that these mutations are not random but there are certain regions that are better protected,» explains Maria Eriksson, Professor at the Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Karolinska Institutet.

A new study by researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden shows how an unexpectedly high number of mutations in the stem cells of muscles impair cell regeneration.

The study, called «Molecular Determinants of Drug - Specific Sensitivity for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Exon 19 and 20 Mutants in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer,» and published online in the journal Oncotarget, demonstrates how computer modeling of EGFR mutations found in lung cancer can elucidate their molecular mechanism of action and consequently optimize the selection of therapeutic agents to treat patients.

This bank of living tumour cells allowed the team to study not only the genetics of the cells, but also how genetic mutations in the mitochondria — which drive energy production in the cell — caused changes in the cell's metabolism.

While these mutations do not directly relate to the development or progression of a tumor, they can reveal its lineage — how individual tumor cells are related to each other.

In the Cancer Cell article, the researchers describe how various anticancer drugs, including cisplatin and the targeted therapy vemurafenib, which targets melanomas with the BRAF mutation, become more effective when co-delivered with phenformin.

Rutgers scientists said this study indicates how critical it is to carefully control oxidative stress — which can also lead to neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, chronic fatigue syndrome, cancers and gene mutations as well as liver and heart disease — so that cell or tissue damage doesn't occur.

The new study demonstrates how a wide range of mutations can be corrected in human cells by eliminating abnormal splice sites in the genomic DNA.

In 2015, Rothstein's team found out how a mutation in a gene — implicated in 40 percent of inherited ALS cases and 25 percent of inherited frontotemporal dementia cases — gums up transport in and out of the nucleus in neurons, ultimately shutting the cell down and leading to its death.

NPC is caused by a mutation in one of two genes, resulting in problems in how a person's cells process cholesterol in structures called lysosomes.

The research also showed how genetic mutations build up in the cancer as it develops over time, as the leftover cancer cells grow and spread.

Automated image processing let them count the number of mutations and assess how well the cells were doing.

Casanova and colleagues also wanted to gauge how the mutations affected cells that are attacked by the virus.

This shows how a normal process of tissue development produces a cell type that is predisposed to acquire cancer - causing mutations.

They have also proposed the first mechanism for how prostate cancer might arise from the mutations in the gene, which is best known for defending cells against viruses.

Then they analyzed all the cells in the early embryos at single - cell resolution to see how effectively the mutation was repaired.

Chava Kimchi - Sarfaty of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in Bethesda, Maryland, and colleagues report online this week in Science that such «silent mutations» can, under certain circumstances, determine how well a final protein performs — an «extremely provocative» result, says cell biologist William Skach of Oregon Health & Science University in Portland.

Their findings provide new insights into how the protein regulates cell growth and how mutations in the gene that encodes the protein can lead to cancer.

The work was performed in collaboration with Arjan Narbad's lab at the Institute of Food Research in Norwich, UK, who tested how engineering mutations in the endolysins affected their ability to tear down the bacterial cell wall.

We found how one of these mutations works,» said Zylka, senior author of the Cell paper and member of the UNC Neuroscience Center.

But what scientists did not know is how the mutations trigger a molecular signaling pathway that leads to the death of photoreceptor cells.

Her discoveries in this process help us understand how DNA is copied when cells divide and how that process goes wrong, which can result in mutations.

From a basic research perspective, we have found the first example of a tumor - initiating mutation that directly affects how cells divide, causing chromosomal instability.

Huang creates disease - causing mutations in the tau gene of healthy neurons and charts how the cells respond.

Next steps include continuing to optimize this compound so that it can be further tested to see how well the compound kills cancer cells with the G12C mutation.

In this film Professor Sir Mike Stratton (director of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute) describes how mutations in DNA can cause a cell to grow out of control and develop into a cancerous tumour.

The level of fluorescence you saw in the validation assay should give an accurate indication of how many pups will contain a mutation and many of the mice with the mutation will be homozygous for it in every cell; however, if the microinjection was done as the pronuclei were fusing, you may have several mosaic mice.