Sentences with phrase «how cell types»

A complete Human Cell Atlas would give us a unique ID card for each cell type, a three - dimensional map of how cell types work together to form tissues, knowledge of how all body systems are connected, and insights into how changes in the map underlie health and disease.

«Optogenetics is very precise and therefore a good way to study how cell types and oscillations can be used in potential therapeutic prototyping,» Boyden said during a press briefing this week (December 6).

During the 20th century molecular techniques have enabled researchers to investigate how different genes and proteins are used in different parts of tissues, to understand how cell types collaborate in tissues.

At Emory, the pause has halted not only the CEIRS project with the lab - attenuated PR8 strain, but also a research grant project headed by Anice Lowen that is looking at how the cell types targeted by two different influenza viruses affect their propensity to exchange genes.

«We and others have been following this family tree from one daughter cell to the next to discover how each cell type is created and how the parent cell «decides» if it should make more of itself or create the next cell type.

The study is published in the scientific journal Oncoimmunology and describes how a cell type in the blood, the neutrophil, causes kidney dysfunction in mice with cancer.

His laboratory investigates how cell type specific differences in protein synthesis and homeostasis promote tissue regeneration and suppress the development of cancer.

Not exact matches

«The better we understand these cell types and how they affect disease, the better we will be able to develop new therapies to treat and cure disease.»

The goal here is to use «single - cell sequencing to understand how many different cell types there are in the human body, where they reside, and what they do,» as Nature reports.

Usually it's fatherly advice stuff like «the 10 habits of financially secure people» or a list of the safest cities in America... sometimes it's cautionary stuff like how my cell phone might explode in my ear type of thing — he usually circles the title of those to make sure I get the point — but lately he's gotten into sending me recipes, and I love it.

Both types of pressure influence how much fluid gets into the veins from the cells and vice versa.

The article described how a team of researchers, surgeons and radiologists had successfully carried out a number of islet cell transplantations in people with Type 1 diabetes, in Edmonton, Canada..

To determine how the cells switch from one type to another, they took three human uterine carcinosarcoma samples and sequenced the genomes of cells in two parts of each tumor: the carcinoma and sarcoma components.

«It's not always changes in the DNA itself, but how the DNA is «decorated» to turn the genes on and off — called epigenetics — that can determine cell type.

This ancient theory, recounted by Pliny the Elder, is one of the many bizarre early attempts to explain one of life's greatest mysteries — how a nearly uniform egg cell develops into an animal with dozens of types of cells, each in its proper place.

It also sought to match epigenetic changes and genetic differences to the physical characteristics of each cell type and use this knowledge to understand how these can lead to blood disorders, cancer and other complex diseases.

The study provides a new understanding of how, billions of years ago, the complex cell types that comprise plants, fungi, but also animals and humans, evolved from simple microbes.

Therefore, it is essential that we learn how specific types of chemical modifications normally regulate RNA function in our cells, in order to understand how dysregulation of this process contributes to human disease, says Cristian Bellodi.

Using a mathematical model known as the Ising model, invented to describe phase transitions in statistical physics, such as how a substance changes from liquid to gas, the Johns Hopkins researchers calculated the probability distribution of methylation along the genome in several different human cell types, including normal and cancerous colon, lung and liver cells, as well as brain, skin, blood and embryonic stem cells.

This observation has puzzled scientists for decades: How could the complex cell types from eukaryotes have emerged from the simple cells of Archaea?

«This reflects how cells do not like to change from one specialized cell type to another and resist a change in cell identity,» said Pasque.

Today in Cell and associated journals, 24 research studies from the landmark BLUEPRINT project and IHEC consortia reveal how variation in blood cells» characteristics and numbers can affect a person's risk of developing complex diseases such as heart disease, and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, celiac disease and type 1 diabetes.

«By observing entorhinal - hippocampal neurons based on their birthdate, we realized that these cells were somehow special and very different from the other surrounding cell types, which was instrumental to find out how and to what extent they influenced the assembly of the network.»

«At first we were surprised by how rapidly NR was able to reactivate dormant mitochondria in muscle, despite being largely consumed by other cell types,» Frederick said.

This is how treatments based on a type of white blood cell called T - cells are curing some cancers, rather than just slowing their advance (see «Cancer meets its nemesis in reprogrammed blood cells «-RRB-.

«Overall, the most important finding is that we identified nanchangmycin as a potent inhibitor of Zika virus entry across all cell types tested, including endothelial and placental cells, which are relevant to how Zika may enter the fetus,» Cherry said.

«The challenge has been how to direct certain therapies designed to manipulate genes of interest in specific cells without developing a specific drug carrier for each specific cell type.

A glycoprotein on the virus's surface called hemagglutinin, which has 17 identified types (H1 - H17), determines how the virus sticks to and enters the host cell.

Now we know how it does this: its active ingredient targets a newly discovered type of cell that lowers the immune response.

They found that after 180 days neither dose led to measurable changes in the soil's mix of DNA and molecules found in bacterial cell walls (which reveals the amount and types of bacteria present), its levels of nutrients or rate of CO2 formation — the latter of which reflects how well the bacteria are utilizing oxygen.

«How to block type 1 diabetes: Reserachers block B - cell AID, prevent diabetes in NOD mice.»

The Duke researchers who made this discovery say it may help explain how a relatively small number of genes can create the dazzling array of different cell types found in human brains and the nervous systems in other animals.

«We want to start looking system by system to see how widely acting this process is on different types of cells,» he says.

By tweaking different fly genes and counting how many neuron types were produced as the flies matured, the team identified a network of five genes that work together like coordinated control switches to guide the precursor cells» transformation to mature neurons.

The scientists harvested the mutant hemagglutanin proteins from the cells and tested how strongly they bound to human - type and bird - type receptors.

All precursor cells have the same DNA, and how they produce one neuron type versus another was unknown.

[Chinedu Nwokoro et al., «Inhaled black carbon in the lower airways of London cyclists»] Researchers at the London School of Medicine collected sputum samples from healthy non-smokers who walk or bike to see how much black carbon was in airway macrophages — a type of white blood cell that takes in foreign material.

The study first examined how mice in which almost all beta cells were destroyed — similar to humans with type 1 diabetes — responded to injections of caerulein.

To make sure she understood how nuclei, dendrites, and axons came together to form different types of brain cells, she pulled out her crochet hook and went to work.

To better understand how this abnormal distribution of B cell types in people with uncontrolled HIV affected their immune response to the virus, researchers compared HIV - specific antibodies derived from both TLM and RM B cells.

This suggests there are yet - unknown cell - type - specific factors that affect how the virus replicates.

They've figured out how to turn human stem cells into functional pancreatic β cells — the same cells that are destroyed by the body's own immune system in type 1 diabetes patients.

The new technique could also be useful in understanding how stem cells change oxidation properties during differentiation into other cell types.

One of the many mysteries of stem cells is how they morph from a universal cell type, full of possibility, into one that's tailored for a specific job.

Human chondrosarcoma HCS - 2 / 8 cells, which are a type of benign bone cancer cells, can be used to investigate how optimization of culture conditions could improve the synthesis of cartilage - specific molecules.»

The projects vary slightly in their aims — the US BRAIN initiative will start by cataloguing the types of cells in the brain and how they wire together, while the China Brain Science Project is focused on developmental, psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.

But exactly how the immune system works remains, in many ways, a mystery, as there are numerous cell types whose functions and interactions with our immune systems have not been well understood.

Researchers should be able to cultivate iPS cells into cell types they want to study — for example, dopamine neurons in the case of Parkinson's or pancreatic cells for diabetes — and find out where and how they go wrong.

Professor Dan Davis and his team at the Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, working in collaboration with global healthcare company GSK, investigated how different types of immune cells communicate with each other — and how they kill cancerous or infected cells.

The UCLA team identified 353 DNA markers from 51 types of cells and tissues and examined how age affects their DNA methylation levels throughout a lifetime.