Sentences with phrase «how cells build»

Researchers have identified a fused gene in moss that provides insight into how cells build their external walls.

Not exact matches

Scientist are also approaching it from the other side too, gradually stripping away at prokaryotic cells to see how stripped down they have to become for life to «stop,» while others continue to build up from coacervates and protobionts.

The fields within biology are further divided based on the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the fundamental chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interrelate.

In November 2010 Japanese researchers announced online in Analytical Chemistry that they had built a chip that simultaneously tests how liver, intestine and breast cancer cells respond to cancer drugs, and in February 2010 scientists publishing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA developed a microscale replica of the human liver that allowed them to observe the entire life cycle of hepatitis C, a virus that is difficult to observe in cultured cells.

The algorithm was built using tools the researchers developed to define how T cell receptors recognize a part of the antigen called the epitope.

How come a cell can behave like a tiny computer or build a complex shell?

Building artificial cells will tell us much about the origins of life — and may explain how Darwinian evolution began, says Nobel laureate Jack Szostak

They used this novel simulation approach to build a model of a sperm cell that demonstrates cellular movement from individual dynein protein molecules in the tail all the way up to the whole cell, allowing them to observe how changes at the atomic level are reflected in larger - scale structures.

The panels show how individual melanoma cells came together to build a tumor in just four hours.

«Understanding the role of «noisy» fluctuations can help us understand how bacteria diversify to survive,» Elowitz says, «as well as how cells specialize to build multicellular organisms.»

It allows biologists without strong math or computer programming skills to build models and simulate how a cell functions.

When building these structures, the location of the cells is significant in that it will impact how the structure will ultimately function.

Young, in 1994, also furthered the understanding of circadian rhythms by explaining how the protein that builds up in cells during the night got there in the first place.

Her most recent paper — this one published in PNAS, the official journal of theNational Academy of Sciences — explains a totally new way that viruses operate in building particles and how viruses can change shapes to interact with their host cells.

But their overriding interest in BPTES, says Slusher, was in how it works: by blocking the production of glutamine, an amino acid that acts as a building block of cells and is used frequently by pancreatic cancers to create more cancer cells.

The Campàs lab is studying several of these questions, including how limbs are built and how mechanical changes in tumors affect the behavior of malignant cells and the growth of the tumor.

A series of fine - tuned maps of DNA packaging in human cells reveal dynamic new views of how the genome's instructions are carried out to build a person.

By comparing the numbers of nerve cells, or neurons, among eight species of carnivores (ferret, banded mongoose, raccoon, cat, dog, hyena, lion and brown bear), researchers now have a better understanding of how different - sized brains are built.

«Josh wanted someone to come in and build a model of single AII cells to try and understand how the AII works as an input / output device,» Cembrowski explains.

So, [what] we want do is, we want to give a solar cell or a battery or an ultracapacitor the genetic information that says this is how to build this device.

And once you have the DNA that tells you how to build that device, all you have to do is keep amplifying it and basically passing it on to your offspring, which say this is how to build a solar cell or this is how to build a battery, and that's what is the main driving force in our labs.

And researchers must figure out how to build in some core features: the necessary blood vessels, immune - system cells called microglia and connections from other brain regions, such as the thalamus and cerebellum.

Now, findings from Monell reveal that a person's sensitivity to bitter taste is shaped not only by which taste genes that person has, but also by how much messenger RNA — the gene's instruction guide that tells a taste cell to build a specific receptor — their cells make.

Building on previous work from Yuan's lab showing that the activity of RIPK1 could be blocked by a chemical called necrostatin - 1, the research team tested how ALS cells in lab dishes would respond to the same treatment.

Researchers used data from different people's genotypes and metabolism to build personalized models that simulate how a drug will affect a particular set of cells in the body.

They built a mathematical model of a cell with a helix in it, and calculated how big the surface waves needed to be, and how fast the helix had to turn.

With the three - year grant, Vanapalli and his collaborators Boyd Butler in the Department of Biological Sciences and Everardo Cobos at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, will build microfluidic devices that mimic blood flow to study how tumor cells move inside capillaries, how they squeeze through tight spaces, whether they are subject to fragmentation and how they become stuck.

But it's still a mystery how the amino acid building blocks were first assembled according to coded nucleic acid templates into the proteins that formed the machinery of all cells.

In 1961, Marshall Nirenberg and Johann Matthaei cracked the first «word» in that code, revealing exactly how DNA instructs the cell to build proteins.

His lab will also continue working to understand why the build up of cholesterol causes neurons to die and how HPβCD is able to remove cholesterol from cells.

«Imagine going forward [that] you might want to build a cell that not only told you it was exposed to something but it could tell you how much or when.»

It involves the way an egg cell is built and how information positioned during that construction affects the fate of the embryo.

The research also showed how genetic mutations build up in the cancer as it develops over time, as the leftover cancer cells grow and spread.

Working with Bhaduri, who has a background in statistics and bioinformatics, Pollen and Nowakowski began exploring how specific classes of neurons and stem cells in the developing brain contribute to normal brain growth as well as to neurodevelopmental disease, and have begun to build a comprehensive, open - source atlas of gene expression across the developing brain, which they hope will serve as a resource for other scientists.

«This information yields new insights into how sperm stem cells function and develop under normal circumstances,» says the study's lead author Bradley Cairns, PhD, senior director of basic science at HCI and professor and chair of oncological sciences at the U of U. «We have built a very important framework we can now use to help us understand what happens when things go wrong, resulting in issues like infertility and cancer in men.»

A study led by Dr. Nicholas Harmer, Senior Lecturer in Structural Biochemistry at the University of Exeter, published today in the journal Chemistry and Biology, provides new information about the way bacterial cells build up a defensive sugar coating and how that process can be interrupted.

Previous work by Kolomeisky and his students showed how microtubules are continually built, destroyed and rebuilt by cells that reuse the molecular building blocks like Legos.

But viral immunologist Michael Farzan of the Scripps Research Institute in Jupiter, Florida, and 33 co-workers have recently taken a different strategy, building a novel molecule based on our knowledge of how HIV infects cells.

Knowing the origin of each cell and which genes control their normal function are the foundations for scientists to decipher the disease process and eventually to find out how to guide the cells to self - repair or even to build up a brand new organ using amended cells from the patients.»

The team identified chemicals released by bacteria that tell a new pair of lungs when to build immune cells, how many to make, and when to use them.

The researchers gathered single cells of warnowiids off the coasts of B.C. and Japan, sequenced their genomes, and analyzed how the eyes are built using new methods in electron microscopy that allow the reconstruction of three dimensional structures at the subcellular level.

In their March publication in Scientific Reports, researchers at Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience and Kanazawa University describe how they have built the new AFM system optimized for live - cell imaging.

Building on this research, investigators are trying to unravel how vitamin D may protect cells in the colon and the microbial composition of the bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses that live on and inside the human body, Moss noted.

But studying these genes, many of which play roles in brain cell development, may ultimately help scientists understand how intelligence is built into brains.

Now, findings from Monell reveal that a person's sensitivity to bitter taste is shaped not only by which taste genes that person has, but also by how much messenger RNA — the gene's instruction guide that tells a taste cell to build a specific receptor — their taste cells make.

«We started at the mTORC1 kinase and are building the pathway up piece by piece to identify who is talking to whom in the pathway and to understand how each of those proteins is relaying information about the availability of nutrients in the cell.»

The field of single - cell sequencing is rapidly expanding, with the potential to precisely study how the basic building blocks of life function and evolve.

The team built a high - throughput cell - editing platform using a variant of CRISPR / Cas9 technology that allowed them to test how well scores of different genetic tweaks defended immune cells against HIV.

Cardiologists have well - developed ideas for how plaque rupture works *; see the concept of â $ œvulnerable plaque.â $ Cholesterol and inflammatory cells build up in the coronary arteries over several years.

They are also resistant to the viruses researchers use in other cell types to deliver DNA instructions about how to build the machinery needed for CRISPR / Cas9 gene editing.