Sentences with phrase «how cells of these organisms»

They play critical roles in how cells of these organisms grow and divide.

Not exact matches

Essentially the model reproduces the inner workings of all of the proteins within the organism and allows scientists to see everything from how cells interact with each other to the functions of genes in a larger context that had not been previously understood.

All an evolutionary storyteller has to do is to start with the apparently simplest version, ignore the neural equipment that has to be present for an organism to make any use of a «photon receptor,» and spin a charming tale about how a tiny primitive light - sensing cell might grow up to be a full - fledged eye.

As the very title of the essay makes clear, his problematic is how to justify the existence of compound individual entities (e.g., organisms) when the ultimate entities are microscopic (cells) or submicroscopic (atoms).

The second question has in fact two facets: (a) how does it arise in the development of the individual organism during the process of growth from the moment of fertilization of the egg; and (b) how does the egg itself come to get that way — that is to say, how can we conceive of evolution as having «designed» the cell?

I won't ever understand how people could actually believe that something so massive, complex, and beautiful was actually started by some magical chance of a random explosion, and that humans somehow evolved from some small celled organism that happened to be created out of the explosion.

Our evolution from a singular celled organism due the inward placed orders of the submicrocosmological being subjected beforehand; is but an under the unknowable considerations regarding the whys and hows of cellular cosmologies tenured coming of age.

The fact that cells degenerate, that organisms decay, that our own lives ebb toward death, that civilizations eventually fall and that noble deeds and ideals fade into oblivion — all this makes us wonder how the universe could conceivably have any abiding seal of purpose.

The Theory of Evolution only talks about how life evolved from the first single celled organism up till what we have today.

The fields within biology are further divided based on the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the fundamental chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interrelate.

Her interest was piqued: Upon graduating in 1999 she joined the lab of Ding Xue at the University of Colorado, Boulder, to study how cell death is regulated in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans.

How colonies of single cells evolved into multicellular organisms has long been a puzzle.

The sea sponge may seem like an odd choice for genomic research considering that its simple body lacks muscles, organs, and nerve cells, but the creature provides a wealth of information on how multicellular organism arose.

The film depicts several sperm attempting to fertilize the egg, «zooms in» on one sperm's tail to show how the dynein proteins move in sync to cause the tail to bend and flex, and ends with the sperm's successful journey into the egg and the initiation of cell division that will ultimately create a new organism.

«Understanding the role of «noisy» fluctuations can help us understand how bacteria diversify to survive,» Elowitz says, «as well as how cells specialize to build multicellular organisms.»

If this environment is harmed by chemicals, such as through damage to gut cells, it could impact the health of the organisms and would lead to a number of fish diseases but this technique will enable us to increase the tests we can carry out and improve our understanding of how to preserve gut health.»

Using computational data analysis, Hughes hopes to create evolutionary trees of these genes and regulatory mechanisms in order to figure out how they work together to make cells function and how they contribute to the physiology of the organisms they are found in.

In neurons, ions flowing through the cell wall initiate action, setting off a string of communications that tell organisms like us how to feel and behave.

Collins said that because Hydra is such a simple animal and because it is able to regenerate after complete dissociation into individual cells, it offers researchers the opportunity to use similar techniques as the ones employed in their experiments to examine how an organism develops from an unstructured group of cells into a complex body plan.

Using machine learning, Chris Wiggins hopes to develop models that can predict how all of an organism's genes behave under any circumstance - and thereby explain precisely why some cells become sick or cancerous

Though little is known about Loki, scientists hope that it will help to resolve one of biology's biggest mysteries: how life transformed from simple single - celled organisms to the menagerie of complex life known as eukaryotes — a category that includes everything from yeast to azaleas to elephants.

Understanding this process - which is particularly important when cells are first taking on specialized identities such as nerve cells, muscle, skin, and so on - helps explain how complex organisms can arise from a finite number of genes.

At that time, little was known about the molecular biology of development — how what's going on in the development process itself influences what can happen to the evolutionary trajectory of cells and organisms.

Darwin wrote about how evolution shapes the destiny of whole organisms, but its principles apply to individual cells, too.

Apart from advancing our understanding of how plants regulate their growth and shape, this research presents new questions for stem cell researchers in regards to cell size checkpoints and their importance during organism development.

How does an egg, a tiny squishy blob of a cell, grow into a fully formed organism — a sinuous worm, a delicate fly, a perfect human baby?

In collaboration with the team of Eduard Sabidó at the Proteomics Unit of the Centre for Genomic Regulation and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, the researchers analyzed the proteins in Capsaspora to determine how the organism might be regulating its internal cell processes at different life stages.

In addition, they also counted the numbers of various types of single - celled organisms called testate amoebae, whose population changes depending on the amount of water in the bog, giving an indication of how wet or dry the climate was during different periods.

How does a single - celled organism, one of the simplest life forms on Earth, manage to satisfy its nutritional needs?

The team modelled how the membrane changed, enabling LUCA's descendants to move to new, more challenging environments and evolve into two distinct types of single - celled organism, bacteria and archaea, creating the deepest branch of the tree of life.

There's a lot of attention right now on how neurons fire and interact with each other, but the truth is, we don't even understand how a brain develops — even in the most simple of organisms like C. elegans, a worm with only 300 brain cells.

«The idea of how organisms and their cells evolve is still a big burning question.»

But how an organism is able to create such a diversity of cells from the same genetic template and how it manages to relocate them to wherever they are needed in the body is still largely unknown.

Craig Venter and his teams at the J. Craig Venter Institute in Rockville, Maryland, and San Diego, California, have shown themselves to be technical wizards by synthesising a genome from code contained on a computer, and using it to start a cell line of the resulting synthetic organism (see «How the synthetic bacterium was made»).

«Cell death has been widely studied but much less is known about death of whole organisms, how it happens, what triggers it, and when it begins and ends.

According to Greenberg, BRCC36 - KIAA0157 is just one of many deubiquitinating enzyme complexes present in cells of complex organisms: «It turns out to be a general mechanism of how this class of deubiquitinating enzymes works.»

«I work on understanding how cells «eat» using machinery based on vesicular carriers, and all my life I've dreamed of seeing this in a live organism,» Tomas Kirchhausen, Ph.D., a professor of cell biology at Harvard Medical School and one of the paper's authors, said in a statement on Thursday.

Caltech biologists work to reveal nature's mechanisms — how tens of thousands of components act in concert in cells, how organisms grow from single cells, how the brain maintains its consciousness, emotions, and superb computational capabilities, and what happens when any of those processes goes awry.

I didn't groan at this idea unlike most other Star Wars fans — many of whom were outraged by the perceived reduction of the Force from a grand, almost magical power to a function of biology — because I'm a biologist who studies bioenergetics: How organisms convert various molecules (food) into chemical energy (adenosine triphosphate or ATP, a compound that enables energy transfer between cells) that can be used to power life.

Organisms differ in ploidy, or how many copies of the genome they carry in their cells.

Understanding how organisms grow from one cell type to many different cell types is the overall goal of lineage tracing or fate mapping experiments, the first of which date to the late 19th century.

«It's really interesting to be embedded within the context of the Thomson lab and in the whole stem cell milieu, and understanding how this axolotl might be employing the same pathways that are present in other organisms — and possibly people,» Nelson says.

Experimental evolution is a good way to enhance our current understanding of how genomes — or sets of chromosomes in an organism's cells — evolve and the role of individual mutations in adaptation.

The findings help explain how axons, the long projections of nerve cells, grow toward and across an organism's midline whether in the mammalian spinal cord or its equivalent structure in flies and...

By studying the planarian we hope to understand how stem cells are regulated to produce missing tissues and organs in the context of a whole organism.

Thus, given its deep history in understanding how organisms counter infection, LJI is well prepared to lead the charge against inflammatory disease, because often the same cells that rid us of infection are the ones that destroy healthy tissue in inflammatory or autoimmune disease.

This is a reflection of how extremely difficult it is to understand the complex functions of a three - dimensional organism with its many different cell types and substances without animal research.

The grand prize of USD 25,000 goes to Liron Bar - Peled for his work describing how multicellular organisms rely on environmental cues to dictate cell size.

New approaches to microscopy, precision laser ablation of individual cells and capillaries, and genetic engineering of model organisms are opening new vistas for exploring the brain and how it works.

All this leads to the question of how confident you can be that in the period when sex is being determined, the threshold number of XY cells required for sex / testis determination were truly absent in those putative XO organisms?