Sentences with phrase «how genes function»

The next step based on these novel head and neck cancer discoveries, the scientists agree, is to tease out how the genes function in normal cells, whether they form the lining of the larynx, pharynx, or another anatomical site affected by head and neck cancer.

With molecular biologist Gregory Hannon of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York state, Elledge developed genetic tools that examine how genes function in human cancer cells.

In the decades that followed, Brenner helped launch the concept of using complex model organisms to figure out how genes function.

The scientists also discovered that the stem cells released tiny packets of microRNA, bits of genetic material that control how genes function.

Not exact matches

Essentially the model reproduces the inner workings of all of the proteins within the organism and allows scientists to see everything from how cells interact with each other to the functions of genes in a larger context that had not been previously understood.

Once we had found two genes that functioned in concert to make a molecular clock, we began to wonder how the clock could be reset.

«The key point here is that we can say something about how the gene acts to influence this behavior — that is, is by functioning as a chemical messenger in cells that control this behavior in the brain.

We're funding researchers to investigate how drugs alter what genes are activated such that they modify the function of the cells, and how this, in turn, modifies the functions of brain circuits, and how that modifies behavior.

Air pollution appears to worsen how two genes function, which can lead to asthma symptoms.

Representatives from both the scientific and legal communities expressed outrage that patent rights to genes could be awarded on the basis of work that provided no insight into how the gene might function.

«This could mean that the reversal or suppression of pathological gene expression by beta blockers is somehow protective against heart failure, but it's something we would need to look into further to understand how individual genes function in the heart.»

«We used the Allen Human Brain Atlas data to quantify how consistent the patterns of expression for various genes are across human brains, and to determine the importance of the most consistent and reproducible genes for brain function.»

The new approach could look directly at the toxic strain's genes to see how they functions.

The newly unmasked genes play a role in three distinctively different bodily functions, including systems that control inflammation and cholesterol and the regulation of how brain cells clean up toxic proteins.

These adducts may also change the functions of genes that promote or suppress disease, although exactly how they might lead to developmental decrements in fetuses exposed to them is unclear.

Using computational data analysis, Hughes hopes to create evolutionary trees of these genes and regulatory mechanisms in order to figure out how they work together to make cells function and how they contribute to the physiology of the organisms they are found in.

They identified previously unknown recurrent loss - of - function mutations that target genes regulating epigenetic pathways — ones that act on how tightly or loosely chromosomes are wound and thus accessible for genes to be expressed.

Our life experiences exert a profound influence on how we age and can even alter the ways genes function without changing the underlying DNA sequence; these genetic changes are called epigenetic traits.

These genes are believed to be essential for the normal function of nerve cells, and previous studies have linked these mutations to problems with synaptic function — how neurons communicate with each other.

Computer aided modeling of how the Bcl3 gene functions inside the cell allowed the group to identify a pocket on the surface of Bcl3 essential for its function.

How do these imprinted genes related to brain function fit into the scheme of intersexual warfare?

Additional research is also needed to determine how the C version of the gene affects the protein's function.

«We knew that Smchd1 was an epigenetic suppressor — a factor that switches off genes that are unnecessary for that particular cells» function — but we were in the dark about where and how it was acting on the DNA.»

To try to determine how those changes influenced the gene's function, that group put the human version of the gene in mice.

«If there are 1,000 genes in the population that can contribute to risk in varying degrees and each has multiple developmental functions, it is not immediately obvious how to move forward to determine what is specifically related to autism,» State said.

In this episode, Scientific American news editor Phil Yam discusses how veterinarians, physicians and multinational food companies need to work together in the global fight against animal - borne infectious diseases; and University of Wisconsin evolutionary biologist Sean Carroll talks about recent research tracking the evolution of yeast genes with specific functions descended from a single, duplicated gene with multiple functions.

«Gaining a better understanding of the functions genes perform in cells, whether plant or animal, is going to help us understand how to diagnose and treat diseases in humans,» says Richard K. Wilson of Washington University.

Genome in hand, researchers will learn many things, such as how the nature of DNA influences gene function.

«Gene analysis adds layers to understanding how our livers function: Tracking gene expression patterns for 20,000 gene in 1,500 cells revealed a mosaic of activities.&raGene analysis adds layers to understanding how our livers function: Tracking gene expression patterns for 20,000 gene in 1,500 cells revealed a mosaic of activities.&ragene expression patterns for 20,000 gene in 1,500 cells revealed a mosaic of activities.&ragene in 1,500 cells revealed a mosaic of activities.»

To understand how DIXDC1 mutations put normal brain function at risk, Cheyette's team turned to mutant mice that lacked a functioning copy of the gene.

For example, scientists have not been able to resolve what function the HTT gene serves normally, or how its mutation creates problems in the brain.

Because these genes have the same function in zebrafish, humans, and other tetrapods, it should help researchers further understand how our ancestors left the water and evolved limbs from fins.

Given how useful any insights into gene function are for understanding the genetic basis of disease, the data are «priceless,» says Kári Stephánsson, a geneticist at deCODE in Reykjavík.

With a cell - by - cell assessment of gene activity they are monitoring how precursor cells shape and organize themselves into something loosely resembling a functioning liver.

Future studies will be devoted to elucidate how Hox genes perform this protective function at the molecular level.

And that got us into this broad question of: How do new genes» functions evolve?»

The team anticipates their findings could be used understand how other non-coding RNAs function and to develop potential gene therapies to treat cancer.

The goal of the NIH program, as described on its website, is «to understand the principles behind the three - dimensional organization of the nucleus in space and time (the fourth dimension), the role nuclear organization plays in gene expression and cellular function, and how changes in the nuclear organization affect normal development as well as various diseases.»

«If we want to understand how genes are turned on and off, we need to know where the sequences that perform this function are located in the genome,» said Mitchell.

Before this study, scientists debated how these immune genes can evolve rapidly (which is necessary to keep up with the fast - evolving parasites), whilst also showing little or no evolutionary change in their function over millions of years, as observed between humans and chimpanzees.

The way our genes are arrayed and move in the 3 - D space of the cell nucleus turns out to profoundly influence how they function, in both health and disease

«We hope that in the future, by fully understanding how this gene affects signaling in the brain, we may be able to identify drugs to restore the normal signaling balance in neurons and improve cognitive and social function in patients,» says lead author Dr. M. Chiara Manzini.

«Our study sheds new light on how genes normally function in sperm stem cells,» says Cairns.

It also shows how different hair cells require, or can function independently, of the deafness gene tmc2b.

«These findings help us to understand where in the body the function of this gene is vital and how the loss of the gene in certain tissues can give rise to Menke's disease,» said Petris, who is a researcher in the Bond Life Sciences Center and holds an appointment in the Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology.

With further research into how these genes affect the brain, it could become possible to understand how genes linked to schizophrenia affect people's cognitive function,» said McIntosh.

Hence, biologists for decades have studied the proteins that control how genes are transcribed into mRNA and how the mRNA is read and translated into a functioning protein.

«What we are trying to do is identify the function of genes and how they affect the way the individuals process information and the structure of the brain.

The color - coded list identifies documented mutations in key viral genes, along with literature citations and a description of how the mutation is believed to change biological function.

Knowing the origin of each cell and which genes control their normal function are the foundations for scientists to decipher the disease process and eventually to find out how to guide the cells to self - repair or even to build up a brand new organ using amended cells from the patients.»