Sentences with phrase «how microbial communities»

«We are seeing an explosion in our mechanistic understanding of how microbial communities in our intestines and elsewhere influence multiple aspects of immune and metabolic health,» said John Wherry, Ph.D., Deputy Editor of the Journal of Leukocyte Biology.

Bailey was also a key researcher in the Microbial Communities Initiative, linking microbial structure and function to soil physical structure to better understand how microbial communities function within soils.

The researchers looked at how microbial communities (from waste - water - activated sludge) behaved when exposed to gold nanoparticles with various surface coatings and shapes.

Because they can now follow transient species formed as a result of electron transfer among communities in real time, Yu and her team are using this approach to study how microbial communities communicate with one another.

The eventual goal is to predict how microbial communities will react to environmental conditions such as droughts and to manage these communities to improve the yields, nutritional content or the carbon storing capacity of plants, for example.

I want to know how microbial communities form over time and how they adapt to their environments.

The open source software package the researchers have designed, known as Microbial Dynamical Systems INference Engine (MDSINE), uses advanced machine learning technologies to accurately predict how microbial communities in the gut will grow and interact over time.

The study suggests a new method to show how microbial communities, including those responsible for illnesses like Legionnaires» disease, may assemble inside the plumbing systems of homes and public buildings.

Other topic areas include studying materials that form in temperatures above 2000 °C, using quantum physics to create better computers, and studying how microbial communities may help host organisms respond to stress.

Understanding how microbial communities in the biocrusts adapt to their harsh environments could provide important clues to help shed light on the roles of soil microbes in the global carbon cycle.

In this latest advance reported in PNAS, the Wyss team showed that the human gut - on - a-chip's unique ability to co-culture intestinal cells with living microbes from the normal gut microbiome for an extended period of time, up to two weeks, could allow breakthrough insights into how the microbial communities that flourish inside our GI tracts contribute to human health and disease.

Mothers known as «non-secretors» have a non-functional fucosyltransferase 2 (FUT2) gene, which alters the composition of their breast milk sugars and changes how the microbial community, or microbiota, of their infants» guts develop.

«Now we plan to see how the microbial community evolves when you give it oil,» says Grimes.

Not exact matches

«By understanding how microbes work and modifying the environments where they function, we can eventually engineer microbial communities to enhance soil productivity.

But the team hopes the Lake Whillans microbial community can help it understand so - called extremophile organisms that can exist in the extreme dark and cold, and how such microbes might also be affecting the chemistry of the ice itself.

«The next phases are a lot more soil biology, measuring changes below ground in fungal and microbial communities to get a handle on how they are responding to the warming.»

«Also by studying how the gut microbiota usually recover after cholera, we gain new ideas about how to manage severely disturbed microbial communities, ideas that can be used to protect against diseases that often follow such disturbance, such as infections that commonly follow antibiotic use.»

Model simulations can always be improved by testing predictions against field data collected from different ecosystems, and Sulman and Phillips are doing just that: investigating how roots influence soil decomposition and protected forms of carbon in forests that vary in the composition of tree and microbial communities.

Without that information, it's impossible to know, for example, how antibiotics affect the microbial community in the intestines, he says.

The study adds to knowledge of how microbes colonize our skin and how much our microbial communities — or microbiomes — change when we contact other people or surfaces, whether it's a doorknob at home or medical equipment in a hospital.

Only further investigation will reveal how much of it makes its way from the river transport to the deep ocean, however, and how it might affect marine life, especially microbial communities that live in and feed on small organic particles.

Knowing how giant viruses impact microbial survival and community interactions is relevant to U.S. Department of Energy missions in bioenergy and environment.

In addition, cohousing coprophagic mice harboring transplanted microbiota from discordant pairs provides an opportunity to determine which bacterial taxa invade the gut communities of cage mates, how invasion correlates with host phenotypes, and how invasion and microbial niche are affected by human diets.

Not only did the gene sequencing show several bacteria could break down aromatic hydrocarbons, it illuminated how various species worked together to maximize the genetic potential of the whole microbial community.

«Since the microbial community is a critical part of a food web, global warming will have direct impacts on organisms feeding on plankton... What exactly and how large this impact will be will require more data to understand.»

The team also shows how to identify bacteria most crucial for a healthy and stable microbial community, which could inform the development of probiotics and other therapies.

They also looked at the total repertoire of genes in the sampled DNA to assess how well the microbial community was working.

But how those genes interact with the microbial community hasn't been clear.

«With the growing understanding that all animals are in fact in a symbiotic relationship with complex microbial communities, the framework to consider how symbiotic interactions shape host evolution should be expanded,» he said.

Finding out how methane and other organic species are formed in deep - sea hydrothermal systems is compelling because these compounds support modern day life, providing energy for microbial communities in the deep biosphere, and because of the potential role of abiotically - formed organic compounds in the origin of life.

Still, he adds, «there's a lot more basic biology that will need to be worked out to fully appreciate the mechanisms that cause sweeteners to alter gut microbial community composition and function, and how in turn this shapes host metabolism.»

«Now we need to improve predictions of how methane - producing microbial communities will respond to climate change.

Jansson and collaborators also want to analyze how roots and microbial communities interact to gain a more holistic understanding of any impacts a decrease in methane - producing bacteria may have.

We might be able to feed the world better if you knew who the members of the microbial communities are, who the friendlies are, and how to enhance their activities.

«Our goal is to discover what microbial communities exist in different parts of the human body and to explore how these communities change in the presence of health or disease,» said National Human Genome Research Institute Director, Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., co-chair of the Human Microbiome Project Implementation Group.

Eoin Brodie seeks to reverse engineer naturally occurring microbiomes to understand the functional roles of the microorganisms within them and how their interactions with one another and the environment create stable microbial communities.

Jansson had long been curious about how these rapid temperature changes were affecting the underground microbial community, and whether these changes had any surprising side effects.

As researchers begin to understand what constitutes a healthy microbiome, they are also learning how imbalances in microbial communities can cause disease — and how to restore the balance as a means of treatment.

In the article «Ecological communities by design,» Fredrickson discusses how synthetic ecology — the design and construction of microbial communities with desirable properties — requires new knowledge on how communities function.

How to use microbial community data from soils, dust, or objects for forensic or archaeologic use.

How are microbial communities assembled in the > 5,000 - y - old subsurface of marine sediment, and do they undergo adaptive evolution or accumulate mutations due to impaired DNA repair under such energy - limited conditions?

New, sophisticated methods for tracking microbial communities have helped scientists appreciate just how important microbes are.

He has sought to understand how modern microbial communities become preserved as fossils.

New research will analyze the microbial communities inside the space station to determine how the communities colonize, adapt and evolve.

Attending daycare was also associated with more diverse microbial communities overall, but feeding practices remained the most important factor influencing how the microbiome responded to the introduction of solid foods.

How to improve digestion and strengthen immunity by cultivating two types of microbial communities.

While these levels remain unfortunately low, animal studies provide us with some clues as to how to increase the sulforaphane yield of these bacteria — feed them more.66 In just four days of a high broccoli diet, those bacteria that thrive on cruciferous vegetables grow in number, leading to a change in composition of the microbial community and an increase in opportunistic bacteria that turn our broccoli into cancer - fighting sulforaphane.

Another study, also published in Nature, tried to work out how these rich and extraordinary microbial communities would respond to warmer temperatures.

The results hold implications for land management, improved climate change models, and a better understanding of carbon cycling in soil microbial communities and how changes in global temperatures impact Earth's deserts.

A team of Berkeley Lab researchers has performed molecular level analysis of desert biological soil crusts — living ground cover formed by microbial communities — to reveal how long - dormant cyanobacteria become activated by rainfall then resume dormancy when the precipitation stops.