Sentences with phrase «how other genes»

«The diversity comes not so much from controlling where in the embryo the homeotic genes are initially expressed, but how other genes respond to them.»

Regulator genes help determine how other genes will express themselves, and the researchers suspected that some of these regulators might be making brain development more active in human embryos than in chimps.

«We need to better understand how other genes may interact with the original mutation to cause cancer in the child,» Maris said.

Over the past decade Hariri has looked for evidence of how other genes affect other aspects of our minds, including self - control and memory.

Not exact matches

Essentially the model reproduces the inner workings of all of the proteins within the organism and allows scientists to see everything from how cells interact with each other to the functions of genes in a larger context that had not been previously understood.

At some point, our ancestors» genes became more successful when the ones who knew how to reciprocate helping others had a tendency to survive longer.

If Chad and others argue that naturalistic evolution must be dismissed because we don't know exactly what happened with gene mutation and transmission frequencies during particular periods of rapid change, then how can we accept a replacement argument in which we don't even know what happens at all?

The markers have also been used to produce a detailed map of the sugarcane genome that shows how the genes are linked to each other.

In a Policy Forum in the new issue of Science, Theodore Friedmann, M.D., from the University of California in San Diego and colleagues from Montreal and Washington, D.C., highlight how gene therapy and other methods of genetic modification are poised to complicate international sports competitions like the Olympics, and indeed already have.

The genes in the network are thought to be involved in how brain cells communicate with each other.

«In addition, changes in how the genes are expressed (turned on or off) could be used in the future to predict how and when the cancer cells will spread to other parts of the body and how fast they will grow.»

Comparison of Cinnamon's DNA with that of other domestic and wild cats has revealed how domestication shaped cats» genes.

The disorder arises when some or all of an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present, but exactly how this additional set of genes disrupts development, leading to learning difficulties and other symptoms of Down's, isn't clear.

My tgf - beta gene was part of a big family of genes, and I began making phylogenetic trees in order to better understand how it was related to the other family members.

For them, the discovery of how an individual becomes gay is likely to shed light on how sexuality - related genes build brains, how people of any persuasion are attracted to each other, and perhaps even how homosexuality evolved.

How can we be so different from other primates if our genes are so much the same?

The scientists are tinkering with some simpler genomes as they make them to gain a better understanding of how genes and other DNA elements work in the first place.

Other directions for future research, Liu said, include looking at the role of CLOCK in more forms of the disease, learning more about exactly how CLOCK affects neural circuits to disrupt adequate inhibition of excitatory neurons, and examining whether any of the genes that CLOCK regulates are especially important in the disorder.

The Duke researchers who made this discovery say it may help explain how a relatively small number of genes can create the dazzling array of different cell types found in human brains and the nervous systems in other animals.

Toshihiro Sassa and Takashi Murayama, the first and second authors of the paper, respectively, say, «we would like to identify the other genes involved in downstream signaling from this calcium channel to understand how the signal leads to aversion to high pH.» Sensing alkaline environments is only the first step; the worm must then quickly react to the stimulus by moving away.

Biological kin selection means that organisms may be more willing to help others in relation to how many genes they share.

They lie in a region of chromosome 5 that sits squarely between two genes that produce cell - adhesion molecules, which govern how neurons connect to each other.

This information may help to predict which other bacterial species might participate in this form of gene transfer, and to identify just how widespread the phenomenon is.

Scientists may have discovered the first gene responsible for how young — or old — we look to others.

In other words, the key is not in individuals» genetic make - up but rather, in how their bodies employ genes.

At first, it was difficult to imagine how pathogens can acquire genes from Actinobacteria, because they are so different and not at all related with each other.

The team's next goal is to identify genes that interact with GmHs1 - 1 and understand how they work together to control calcium and possibly other mineral content.

This analysis produced networks that mapped out how alpha - synuclein is related to other Parkinson's genes through well - defined molecular pathways.

Here's a gene that's central to how nerve cells communicate with each other, so it's curious to us to see a grossly different protein variant.

One describes how proteins are made, and the other instructs the cell on how genes are controlled.

By comparing our genetic make - up to the genomes of mice, chimps and a menagerie of other species (rats, chickens, dogs, pufferfish, the microscopic worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and many bacteria), scientists have learned a great deal about how genes evolve over time, and gained insights into human diseases.

Just how this process happens is not understood, but scientists suspect that when BRCA1 goes awry, it causes a cascade of malfunctions in other genes.

The problem of how a process can be rigidly guided by genes in one species, while in others genetics takes a back seat, is discussed in a novel way.

Others have tracked the first few hours of the embryonic development of sea urchins and other organisms with the goal of seeing how various transcription factors alter gene expression over time.

To learn how Mycobacterium tuberculosis mounts a defense against a drug, Baliga is first looking within the bacterium, identifying the genes, proteins and other molecules that interact as the microbe infects a host.

But the potential payoff is enormous: A response map that can display the intertwining routes between genes and outcomes, as well as how distant red lights, speed bumps and construction zones play off each other to shift those paths.

The CREBRF variant appears to be rare in other populations, but studying how the gene works may help researchers better understand obesity.

The latest findings offer new focus points into how these genes and others may be modified to fine - tune a wheat variety for a particular environment, which will result in less crop and food loss due to changing environment.

These genes are believed to be essential for the normal function of nerve cells, and previous studies have linked these mutations to problems with synaptic function — how neurons communicate with each other.

To figure out how corn and weeds affect each other's gene response, Clay and a team of two research associates and a soils expert, planted plots of velvetleaf alone, corn with velvetleaf and corn kept weed - free.

In the last few years, Sweeney, a professor of physiology and medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and a small cadre of other researchers have learned how to create genes that repair weak, deteriorating, or damaged muscles, bones, tendons, and cartilage in a relatively short period of time.

«The genes that a taste cell expresses define essentially every aspect of that cell's behavior, from how it will respond to taste stimuli to how it will communicate with other cells,» said study co-leader Brian Lewandowski, PhD, a Monell physiologist.

Now, Mitchum's team is trying to find how this key gene might work differently in other nematode types, like root - knot nematode as part of a new National Science Foundation grant.

At the core of this cell behavior is how the loss of that single gene changes activation levels of dozens of other genes, suppressing genes associated with metastatic disease and increasing activity of genes linked to normal tissue.

But while this study has proved that the technique works in a simple organism, it could also be applied to other bacterial species, yeast or even human cells to find useful information about how genes are controlled and how they can be manipulated.

«Now that we know how calcification happens and what the key nodes are, we know what genes to look for that might be mutated in other related forms of cardiovascular disease.»

Gene drive is so different from other technologies involving genetic modification that it requires a whole new way of thinking about how to evaluate and regulate it, says Jennifer Kuzma, a natural and social scientist at North Carolina State University (NCSU) in Raleigh who helped organize a February workshop there.

«It's only possible through integrated analysis which allows us to look at this process at a systems level to see how genes, proteins and other components work together to regulate lignin production.»

To find out how the baculovirus does it, and suspecting the involvement of a gene called egt, Kelli Hoover of Pennsylvania State University in University Park infected some caterpillars with virus that had egt and others with virus that did not.

Other genes may also shape how we respond, and our unique personal histories may play a role as well.