This picture is, according to the article, part of a series that are «the first graphic images of
how the polar ice sheets are retreating in the summer».
NASA's Operation IceBridge has been studying
how polar ice has evolved over the past nine years and is currently flying a set of nine - hour research flights over West Antarctica to monitor ice loss aboard a retrofitted 1966 Lockheed P - 3 aircraft.
How this polar ice may have found its way to Mercury in the first place remains an open question, Deutsch says.
For the past eight years, Operation IceBridge, a NASA mission that conducts aerial surveys of polar ice, has produced unprecedented three - dimensional views of Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets, providing scientists with valuable data on
how polar ice is changing in a warming world.
Several of the PlioMIP2 research groups are modeling
how the polar ice sheets responded in the heat of the Pliocene.
Not exact matches
Morris uses the information she gathers on these trips to check the accuracy of data collected by a European satellite, Cryosat - 2, that tracks changes in the thickness of
polar ice — information that tells scientists
how quickly that
ice is thawing.
Oceanography postgraduates, for example, might study
how coastal dynamics affect amphibious warfare, or
how decreasing
polar sea
ice might influence global climate patterns.
As a warming climate continues to accelerate the summer
ice melts, it is important to understand
how polar bears are — or are not — adapting to even more extreme food shortages.
«When the sea
ice melts, juvenile
polar cod may go hungry: Biologists confirm
how heavily the fish depend on
ice algae.»
Above all, the new insights into the juvenile fish under the
ice are important because it's still impossible to say
how polar cod populations will change in the face of climate change.
They then used the satellite record of Arctic sea
ice extent to calculate the rates of sea
ice loss and then projected those rates into the future, to estimate
how much more the sea
ice cover may shrink in approximately three
polar bear generations, or 35 years.
In the San Francisco Bay area, sea level rise alone could inundate an area of between 50 and 410 square kilometres by 2100, depending both on
how much action is taken to limit further global warming and
how fast the
polar ice sheets melt.
Although scientists have analysed gases from tiny bubbles trapped in
ice cores drilled in
polar ice caps, there are doubts about
how closely the composition of the bubbles matches that of the atmosphere at the time they were trapped (see New Scientist, Science, 22 August).
«The past behavior and dynamics of the Antarctic
ice sheets are among the most important open questions in the scientific understanding of
how the
polar regions help to regulate global climate,» said Jennifer Burns, director of the NSF Antarctic Integrated Science System Program.
«I'm amazed
how many people say «
polar ice caps» — it's totally unscientific and not, not something we ever talk about as researchers!»
Reviews range from simple comments such as «this is a good piece of science journalism» to detailed scientific explanations such as
how «
polar ice cap» fails to distinguish between land
ice and sea
ice.
On its own, sea level rise could inundate between 50 and 410 square kilometres of this area by 2100, depending on
how much is done to limit further global warming and
how fast the
polar ice sheets melt.
The IPCC has taken a crack at that, identifying 26 «key vulnerabilities» in its most recent assessment, ranging from declines in agricultural productivity to the melting of
ice sheets and
polar ice cover as well as determining
how to judge if they are spiraling out of control.
We also can determine
how water is exchanged between
polar ice, the atmosphere, and the soil,» said Villanueva.
And of course, the future fate of the
ice sheets and
how they will dynamically respond to climate warming is hugely important for projections of sea level rise and
polar hydrology.
Analyses of images from the New Horizon mission and modelling of the evolution of the
ice cap help to explain
how this
polar feature was formed.
An examination of these changes gave them new insights into
how much of the
polar ice cap's carbon dioxide freezes out of the atmosphere during winter.
«We think we now have identified a new tool, and that's the
polar motion data, to be able to put bounds on
how large the natural variability may be in terms of
ice mass....
And especially now with human development and climate change, the world is being altered at an incredible pace — from rising seas, disappearing
polar ice, to our major rivers and estuaries and
how they have been changed by us.
[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water /
ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover so much of the planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and
ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger
polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs, increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives —
hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)
But what I don't understand is
how Unilever is seeking approval of a genetically modified (GM)
ice - structuring protein derived from a polar fish, ocean pout, for use in making Breyer's Ice Cream smoother and creamier.
ice - structuring protein derived from a
polar fish, ocean pout, for use in making Breyer's
Ice Cream smoother and creamier.
Ice Cream smoother and creamier....
Striking
how this blog talks about
polar bears, hurricanes, melting glaciers, melting sea
ice, disappearing frogs, intelligence estimates, the snows of Kilimanjaro, drought, famine, insect infestations, too much rain, lack of rain, and who knows what else, and links it all to AGW.
A team of scientists is pioneering new strategies for ensuring that
polar bears can persist even as summer sea
ice — a vital feeding platform — retreats under the climate change that is already in the pipeline no matter
how aggressively societies tackle the greenhouse challenge.
For example, the statement that
polar ice caps are melting «faster than ever» ought to have some qualification with regard to time frame;
how you would work in precision of that sort while keeping to standard punchy journalistic writing style, I'm not sure.
The pace of
ice loss — both its extent and the amount of the older, thicker
ice that survives from summer to summer — has been faster than most models predicted and clearly has, as a result, unnerved some
polar researchers by revealing
how much is unknown about
ice behavior in a warming climate.
Even with this year's extreme loss, there's still a wide range of predictions among
polar scientists of
how soon the northernmost ocean will be «
ice free» in late summer.
The ACIA report described
how the retreat of the sea
ice has devastating consequences for
polar bears, whose very survival may be at stake.
If
polar ice melting is increasing and CO2 in the atmosphere is also increasing (both are now well established) then
how is it that you are so sure they are unrelated?
For example, conditions at the poles affect
how much heat is retained by the earth because of the reflective properties of
ice and snow, the world's ocean circulation depends on sinking in
polar regions, and melting of the Antarctic and Greenland
ice sheets could have drastic effects on sea level.
Climate - deniers use this to try to knock down evidence of
how climate change will affect
polar bears and sea
ice, since they believe if they can disprove one tiny aspect of climate change, it will result in a domino effect.
Second, the debates among climatologists nowadays are not over whether there is human - exacerbated climate change — melting
polar ice, rise in sea level, more tropical storms, etc. — but over
how large the effects are (one or four degrees), and what the specific consequences for each spot on the globe will be.
Readers curious about Al Gore's false statement that a scientific survey had found
polar bears drowning because they could not find
ice should see my talk on
how environmentalists are the real threat to
polar bears.
This means that it does not matter to
polar bears
how much area the Arctic Basin
ice covers in September — for their needs, 1.0 mkm2 would be plenty.
Mars undergoes temperature swings influenced by
how much sunlight reaches the surface, which also affects its
polar ice caps (another great influence on the atmosphere.)
One of the most glaring differences between legitimate science - based blogs and those that deny the science on anthropogenic climate change is
how they write about
polar bears and Arctic sea
ice.
AGW climate scientists seem to ignore that while the earth's surface may be warming, our atmosphere above 10,000 ft. above MSL is a refrigerator that can take water vapor scavenged from the vast oceans on earth (which are also a formidable heat sink), lift it to cold zones in the atmosphere by convective physical processes, chill it (removing vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) or freeze it, (removing even more vast amounts of heat from the atmosphere) drop it on land and oceans as rain, sleet or snow, moisturizing and cooling the soil, cooling the oceans and building
polar ice caps and even more importantly, increasing the albedo of the earth, with a critical negative feedback determining
how much of the sun's energy is reflected back into space, changing the moment of inertia of the earth by removing water mass from equatorial latitudes and transporting this water vapor mass to the poles, reducing the earth's spin axis moment of inertia and speeding up its spin rate, etc..
This «education» takes many forms: from blatant propaganda, like the UK government's  # 6 million «drowning puppy» ad campaign, the Obama administration's recent Climate Assessment Report and the one released by a group of compliant senior US military figures calling themselves CNA Military Advisory Board, to more subtle brainwashing ranging from school trips to wind farms and
ice cream containers with pictures of wind farms on the side and oil company adverts illustrated with wind farms (to show they're not just «all about oil») to, well, pretty much everything these days from supermarket delivery vehicles boasting about
how much biofuel they use to Greenpeace campaign ads involving
polar bears to Roger Harrabin's reporting for the BBC to Showtime's Years Of Living Dangerously...
How many hundreds of thousands of
polar bears died starving and were lost, adrift on an
ice flow due to the global warming?
-- DQ Lindsay Abrams — Salon — November 22, 2014 When
polar bears attack:
How climate change is creating a new breed of unlikely killers As the
ice caps melt, -LSB-...]
IceBridge is a six - year campaign to survey and monitor areas of Earth's
polar ice sheets, glaciers and sea
ice and
how they are responding to climate change.
And Katrina and the waning
polar ice caps remind us
how important this is.
How responsible is the melting of the
polar ice caps for the weather that we are experiencing?
Even though it is not the main scope of our paper, we described the scientific context of
polar bear ecology and explained
how and why
polar bears depend on their sea
ice habitat (summarized in my previous blog post).
One axis of the graph measured
how strongly each paper or blog asserted or disputed that sea
ice is declining and
polar bears are threatened; the other measured
how strongly each source described bears» adaptability.
We restricted our literature search to scientific articles that investigate both
polar bears and sea
ice, and that shed light on
polar bear ecology and
how it may or may not depend on the presence of sea
ice.