Sentences with phrase «how small a gene»

Scientists use an «inbreeding coefficient» to measure how small a gene pool is.

Not exact matches

Even if Noah impregnated all of them at once, or his sons did their respective wives, and then they all repeated the process 14 years later (give or take) when the 1st offspring became fertile, how could different races with distinct physiological adaptation arise from such a small, virtually identical gene pool 4,000 years ago?

Find out how much genes matter in creating a big baby or small baby at birth, and whether a mom's or dad's genes have more infl...

Biologists now know that the genome sequence holds only a small part of the answer, and that key elements of development and disease are controlled by the epigenome — a set of chemical modifications, not encoded in DNA, that orchestrate how and when genes are expressed.

But with smaller parties standing to gain political influence, battles over issues such as the regulation of gene - edited organisms and how to cut greenhouse - gas emissions could grow fiercer.

The Duke researchers who made this discovery say it may help explain how a relatively small number of genes can create the dazzling array of different cell types found in human brains and the nervous systems in other animals.

UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers have deciphered how a small protein made by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS manipulates human genes to further its deadly agenda.

The challenge was to explain how genes act lawfully, and cause organisms to behave lawfully, while being composed of a very small number of atoms, a significant proportion of which may be behaving unlawfully.

In the last few years, Sweeney, a professor of physiology and medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and a small cadre of other researchers have learned how to create genes that repair weak, deteriorating, or damaged muscles, bones, tendons, and cartilage in a relatively short period of time.

«When you go back and see how much of the variation in this gene accounts for the variation in body size in the general population, it's really small,» says Bray.

«What we're excited about is how it only takes a very small amount of RNA to cause gene knockdown in the whole liver.

Explaining the background to the research, Dr. Ramiro describes how «an essential process in antibody generation takes place in structures called germinal centers, where antibody genes undergo small modifications that increase the efficiency and specificity of the immune response.

With funding from foreign backers and the Finnish government, the scientists formed a small company, GeneOS, in Helsinki, where they are working on how the gene and its protein work.

But suddenly I saw how a mutation in the genes discussed in that article, BRCA1 and BRCA2, might have slipped unnoticed through my father's small family, heavy on the Y chromosome — through him; his older brother; my three cousins, two of whom are male.

Associate Professor Amanda Sainsbury - Salis expressed surprise at the impact of the Y6 gene deletion on mice, commenting «I find it amazing that one gene, which is expressed in the small part of the brain that controls the body clock, has such a profound impact on how much fat is stored on the body, and how much lean tissue is maintained.»

They don't [didn't] know what genes were, you know, they were tiny, incredibly tiny, and so how was it that that all of the instructions, as it were, for building basically a replica of [a] living thing could be stored in such incredibly small spaces.

Mutations in dozens of genes raise the risk of the disease by small but significant amounts, and researchers are painstakingly uncovering how each gene might contribute.

But because the vinclozolin - induced fertility changes occurred in almost every male rat descended from a treated mother rather than in a small percentage of offspring (as is seen in germ line mutations caused by radiation), Skinner suspects an epigenetic mechanism — a change that doesn't mutate the DNA sequence of an animal, but rather affects how genes are expressed.

«It really highlights that just a small difference in the regulatory regions of human DNA — even ones that don't really make a gene, per se, but help to control genes — can have a big impact on how the brain is built, and ultimately how it functions,» she said.

«But how these defects develop at the genetic level has been difficult to pinpoint because research has focused on a small set of genes.

To build upon the encouraging early discoveries, Helmsley renewed and expanded its Crohn's funding for the Institute in 2013 to begin new work with three major aims: 1) continue studies of individual genes to determine how genetic differences between Crohn's patients and healthy individuals contribute to the disease; 2) evaluate promising small molecules in disease - relevant studies and prioritize insights from genetics to help develop novel therapeutics; and 3) begin basic experimentation in animal models with Crohn's disease to provide the data necessary to begin testing new therapies in humans.

«We found that while hybridisation has not compromised the genetic distinctiveness of wolf populations, a large number of wild wolves in Eurasia carry a small proportion of gene variants derived from dogs, leading to the ambiguity of how we define genetically «pure wolves».

Leaving aside the fact that none of these folks look like they belong in the same gene pool (and The Wire has a funny article about how only one of the actors in the film is actually Jewish), the premise has promise, since forcing the members of a dysfunctional family (and there is much «dys» here) to spend time in a small space could lead to some funny results.

The way the toy poodle breed (and all other «toy» breeds) came into being was through selective inbreeding of the smallest dogs in the litters; essentially the breeders applied their understanding of how mutations may be caused to engineering a specific mutation into a dominant gene.

While there is some evidence that a susceptibility to FIP can be inherited, it has recently been recognised just how small a part genes and «genetic susceptibility» really play in disease: some epigeneticists put it as low as 5 %.

How small is the Bull Terrier gene pool?

By knowing how breeds relate to one another, studies can be designed to optimize the chances for finding the small number of relevant genes.