Sentences with phrase «how vertebrates»

PULLMAN, Wash. — Using fish bred at Washington State University, an international team of researchers has mapped the genetic profile of the rainbow trout, a versatile salmonid whose relatively recent genetic history opens a window into how vertebrates evolve.

But the study's most significant impact may be to provide new insights into how vertebrates made the transition from water to land.

The finding strengthens the case for revising the traditional view of how vertebrates arose, says Hervé Philippe, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Montreal, Canada.

Through her discussion of when, where, and how vertebrates first came ashore, Clack offers an up - to - date account of our understanding of the fish to tetrapod transition, one of the classic evolutionary stories.

But is it fair to equate historical constraints with defects in describing how vertebrate photoreceptors are on the back of the «inside - out» retina, shadowed by blood vessels and overlying cells?

«The work not only provides insight into how turtles evolved, but also gives hints as to how the vertebrate developmental programs can be changed to produce major evolutionary novelties.»

New research examines how vertebrate species in the eastern United States ranging from snakes to mammals to birds responded to climate change over the last 500,000 years.

Not exact matches

So, how many species of land vertebrates are there?

The researchers say they are now «eager to see how additional finds from this region will reshape our understanding of plumage and soft tissues in dinosaurs and other vertebrates.»

And new research shows how genetic alterations in this odd - colored blood have helped the octopus colonize the world's wide oceans — from the deep, freezing Antarctic to the warm equatorial tropics.The iron - based protein (hemoglobin) that carries oxygen in the blood for us red - blooded vertebrates becomes ineffective when faced with low - oxygen levels.

Indeed, vertebrate paleontologist Fernando Novas of the Bernardino Rivadavia Argentine Natural Science Museum in Buenos Aires, who reported the dinosaur's discovery, says he and his co-authors weren't initially sure how to classify the 150 - million - year - old Chilesaurus.

This is the rock band's second major contribution to science; as you'll recall, the band revolutionized vertebrate biomechanics in 1983 with their discovery that women possess legs and know how to use them.»)

This kind of wiring, described in the current issue of Science, may be present in higher vertebrates, including humans — and if so, it might provide insights for scientists studying how to treat paralysis from spinal cord injuries.

Horner and his experienced colleagues — a structural geologist; a stratigrapher; a taphonomist (one who studies what happens to animals after they die); paleontologists specializing in vertebrate, mammalian, plant, and mollusk fossils; a molecular paleontologist; and an expert on paleomagnetism — are surveying all the fauna and flora that existed during the Hell Creek period (and that survived as fossils), the ways they interacted, and how they may have evolved.

All land vertebrates carry a version of the FOXP2 gene, so some of the Oxford researchers then teamed up with colleagues from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany to analyze what is unique about the variant in humans and to track how the gene had evolved in our ancestors.

Yet trying to understand the genetic explanations of such questions is surprisingly difficult considering most vertebrate genomes, including our own, are made up of literally billions of DNA bases that can determine how an organism looks and functions,» says Castoe.

«The idea that social interaction may have facilitated or led to selection for us to be individually recognizable implies that human social structure has driven the evolution of how we look,» said coauthor Michael Nachman, a population geneticist, professor of integrative biology and director of the UC Berkeley Museum of Vertebrate Zoology.

«We identified a motif in the protein component of telomerase that controls how the enzyme carries out its activity in vertebrates such as ourselves.»

«These fossils allow us to flesh out the community and add to our understanding of the community's composition and how it differed from other places in the world,» says Donald Brinkman, vertebrate paleontologist and director of preservation and research at the Royal Tyrrell Museum in Alberta, Canada.

«Our embryological research helps us understand exactly how the gill structures in early vertebrates such as Metaspriggina relate to the gills of living forms,» says Gillis.

She's now working on a new game, «Suddenly Cute,» in which players learn how small changes early in a vertebrate's embryonic development can lead to big differences in adults.

«Our new knowledge of the function of Abd - B helps us to better understand how these processes are regulated in higher organisms, including vertebrates,» explains Ingrid Lohmann.

These fish have a travelling eye and swim on their sides in what is the most extreme example of vertebrate asymmetry — now we know how they develop this useful trait

«By narrowing down how many species exist within the largest group — the insects and other arthropods — we are now in a position to try to improve estimates for all species, including plants, fungi and vertebrates.

In this primitive two - room shed, Congdon has conducted some ofthe most sophisticated life - history studies of long - lived vertebrates — research that could upend our theories about how animals grow old andmight one day help unlock secrets of human longevity.

Read previous Zoologger columns: How weakness makes the crayfish stronger, The heaviest animal in the air, Ancient air - breathing, triple - jawed fish, Horror fly returns from the dead, Even parasitic worms have a divided society, Shrimp plays chicken with its sex change, Death by world's longest animal, Live birth, evolving before our eyes, Sympathy for the piranha, The world's most fecund vertebrate.

For each major vertebrate group, ancient and modern (and with no particular emphasis on ours), Bonnan examines the skeleton to see how structure relates to function using plain analogies: basic body plan is likened to a car chassis, jaws to scissors or nutcrackers, eyes to camera lenses.

Gowan Dawson's Show Me the Bone illustrates how our extensive knowledge of vertebrate evolution, on which Bonnan so effortlessly draws, was far from easily acquired.

In existing vertebrates, genome size correlates very closely with bone cell size, so Organ used the size of dinosaur bone cells to predict how much genetic material the extinct animals possessed.

In the early twentieth century, axolotls were central to understanding how organs develop and function in vertebrates.

«This variation made us wonder how the earliest vertebrates built their backbones.»

In the same vein, the article describes how a chance «mistake» — an apparently meaningless mutation that took place over 700 million years ago — became the molecular driver for complex morphological developments in a number of vertebrates (including the human species).

But how do they — and the other 70 species of vertebrates that propagate this way — do it without the genetic monotony and disease vulnerability that often results from asexual reproduction?

Alex Thiery, a PhD student at the University of Sheffield who contributed to the study said: «We are interested in the developmental origin of the pufferfish beak as it presents a special opportunity to understand how evolutionary novelty can arise in vertebrates more generally.

The study is «a superb example of how new tools from molecular biology can reveal cryptic, unsuspected variation in even well - known vertebrates like birds,» says H. Lisle Gibbs of McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.

A new study overturns a long - held theory about how these asymmetries develop, and the researchers say their work could help explain left - right asymmetries in other animals, such as the position and shape of the heart and liver in humans and other vertebrates.

The discovery challenges the standard picture of how sexual differences develop in vertebrates.

The work is the first to show how manta ray embryos get oxygen, says John Musick, a vertebrate ecologist at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science in Gloucester Point.

He added: «The fact that all vertebrates regenerate their teeth in the same way with a set of conserved stem cells means that we can use these studies in more obscure fishes to provide clues to how we can address questions of tooth loss in humans.»

Our team contributes to understand how the cellular machinery, that is similar in all vertebrates, can regenerate a structure in an animal.

The researchers said the discovery means modern vertebrates originated in a world that was already populated by small and large - bodied physical extremes, in terms of how animals physically adapted to their environment.

Bronner was especially interested in how the lamprey compares with other vertebrates in the evolution of its gut neurons.

The more we understand about how natural variation in the vertebrate genome shapes the development and function of the brain, the better insight we can have into how behavioral patterns evolve, and how disruption to neurogenetic pathways can lead to brain and behavioral dysfunction.

The team evaluated how the duration of active mosquito season following the arrival of an infectious traveler and propensity for biting diverse vertebrate species - where every non-human bite slows the transmission process - influence outbreak potential for different urban densities.

The overall goal is to bridge scales from the cellular to the tissue level to achieve a holistic understanding of how the highly organized vertebrate retina is formed.

When the localities are also organized chronologically, as they are in the Burke vertebrate paleontology collections, I can trace how those communities changed over time.

On the heels of identifying the specific type of cell that gives rise to retinoblastoma, RPB - funded researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital are solving a long - standing mystery about how the eyes of vertebrates develop and how a rare pediatric eye cancer progresses.

The main focus is to understand how cell biology drives morphogenesis using vertebrate eye formation as a model and zebrafish as main experimental organism.

He is also interested in how behaviour, function and biomechanics has evolved throughout vertebrate history.

He is particularly interested in using the principles of biomechanics to better clarify behaviour in extinct vertebrates, e.g., how animals stood and moved, walked or ran.