By 2008, almost two dozen computerized comparisons of
human and ape genomes had come up with hundreds of pieces of DNA that might be important.
Not exact matches
Much of the work will therefore demand comparative analyses of the
genomes and phenotypes of large numbers of
humans and apes.
Additional support could come from the chimpanzee
genome, which may allow researchers to clock when the genes for slow - twitch muscle fibers — crucial for running long distances
and plentiful in people but not chimps — diverged in the common evolutionary history of
humans and apes.
Sudmant, a UW graduate student in
genome sciences, said, «Gathering this data is critical to understanding differences between great
ape species,
and separating aspects of the genetic code that distinguish
humans from other primates.»
Duplication
and deletion of DNA segments have re-structured the
genomes of
humans and great
apes,
and are behind many genetic diseases.
Moreover, with all the great
ape genomes to compare, researchers are better able to assess when gorillas, chimps,
and humans evolved — a matter of current debate.
I'd like to see a re-doing of all the great
ape genomes, including chimpanzee
and orangutan, to get a comprehensive view of the genetic variants that distinguish
humans from the great
apes.
«My motivation in studying
human and great
ape genomes,» Eichler said, «is to try to learn what makes us tick as a species.
An
ape's
genome shows unexpected connections to that of
humans and helps reveal our evolutionary history
Comparisons with the
genome data of
humans and our closest relatives, the great
apes, show that while we all genetically have the same ancestors, the genetic information of the gibbons has changed more rapidly
and stronger in the course of the evolutionary process.
This «chromosomal disorder» is a key feature of the gibbon
genome and has probably occurred after their secession from the ancestral line of the
apes and humans.
In their
genome analysis, the researchers discovered that the genetic information of the gibbons differs in their entirety from that of
humans and of
apes.