Sentences with phrase «human astrocytes»

The significant difference in outcome achieved by transplantation of hGDAsBMP versus hGDAsCNTF demonstrates clearly that not all astrocytes are equivalent in respect to their therapeutic value, and this appears to be the first study demonstrating functional differences between different human astrocyte populations with respect to repairing the adult central nervous system.

Rather, Verkhratsky argues, the apparent advantages afforded by human astrocytes may be a consequence of their housekeeping abilities, underscoring the interdependence between glia and neurons.

Alpha - synuclein and its disease causing mutants induce ICAM - 1 and IL - 6 in human astrocytes and astrocytoma cells.

Our studies thus demonstrate functional differences between human astrocyte populations and suggest that pre-differentiation of precursor cells into a specific astrocyte subtype is required to optimize astrocyte replacement therapies.

With their new method, Zhang and her colleagues hope to soon begin looking at the unique properties of human astrocyte cells in a range of disease types, including Alzheimer's, ALS, stroke, injury, autism, and schizophrenia.

The recent description of considerable astrocyte heterogeneity in the human CNS raises the question whether distinct astrocytes can also be derived from single populations of human glial precursors, and more importantly whether different human astrocyte populations exhibit distinct functional properties [16].

However, the availability of human astrocytes for research has been very limited.

Mice with human astrocytes performed better on memory experiments than those that had received mouse cell grafts, the team reports today in Cell Stem Cell.

Palanichamy, Chakravarti and their colleagues conducted this study using 13 primary GBM cell lines derived from patient tumors, four commercially available GBM cell lines and normal human astrocyte cells.

Citation: Davies SJA, Shih C - H, Noble M, Mayer - Proschel M, Davies JE, Proschel C (2011) Transplantation of Specific Human Astrocytes Promotes Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury.

In brief our present studies provide the first demonstration of the utility of human astrocyte transplantation as a therapy for central nervous system injuries.

«We found hundreds of genes expressed exclusively by human astrocytes, and future studies will likely reveal additional biological differences.

The study of human astrocytes has faced issues related to access (samples of living tissue must be obtained from brain cancer or epilepsy surgeries or fetal tissue) and purification (breaking apart astrocytes away from other cells often killed them and many experiments ended in failure).

When tested under a microscope, these human astrocytes accomplished calcium signaling at least three times faster than the mouse astrocytes did.

Recent evidence suggests that human astrocytes are very different from their rodent counterparts and thus, it would be essential to use human cells to study human diseases.

In Neuron on December 10, Stanford researchers present the first functional and molecular comparison of human and mouse astrocytes, and while 85 % -90 % of the genes are similar, human astrocytes have unique genes and respond differently to neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate.

This presumably means that, at the adult stage, human astrocytes, in contrast to mouse astrocytes, are better at detecting neuroactivity and adjusting their functions in response.

«We are only beginning to understand the unique properties of human astrocytes,» says first author Ye Zhang, a postdoctoral scholar in Stanford University School of Medicine's Department of Neurobiology.

These are «very interesting findings [that] strongly suggest that human astrocytes have an enhanced ability to control synapses,» says neurobiologist Ben Barres of Stanford University in Palo Alto, California.

But he adds that the study does not show that human astrocytes are genetically normal when engrafted into the mouse brain, and it does not rule out the idea that the improved learning and memory «could be due to the persisting progenitor cells.»

These human astrocytes apparently did so, the scientists suggest, by secreting a protein called tumor necrosis factor - α, which mouse astrocytes produce at much lower levels.

Human astrocytes (green) are significantly larger than mouse astrocytes (red) and retain their distinctive structure when grafted into the mouse brain.

The human astrocyte - endowed rodents learned to fear a particular sound or part of their environment after associating them just once with an electric shock.

In 2009, Steven Goldman of the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York and his colleagues reported that human astrocytes are bigger, and have about 10 times as many fingerlike projections that contact other brain cells and blood vessels, than those of mice.

They have demonstrated for the first time that human astrocytes — brain cells thought to play more of a secondary...

Along with demonstrating the marked benefits from astrocyte transplantation in experimental injuries of the spinal cord, our studies also demonstrate that obtaining benefit may require transplanting very specific populations of human astrocytes.

We show that subpopulations of human astrocytes, generated by activation of different signaling pathways in the same population of human glial precursor cells, have markedly different effects when transplanted into the injured spinal cord.

Moreover, our studies provide a specific population of human astrocytes that appear to be particularly suitable for further development towards clinical applications.

Proton pump inhibitors reduce interferin - g induced neurotoxicity and STAT3 phosphorylation of human astrocytes.

STAT3 inhibitors attenuate interferon - g induced neurotoxicity and inflammatory molecule production by human astrocytes.

Interferon - g - dependent cytotoxic activation of human astrocytes and astrocytoma cells.