So the world of paleoanthropology, the search for
human fossil remains — it is like harder than ever right now.
Not exact matches
As a Christian, I absolutely believe God began the
human race in the Garden of Eden... as a discerning intelligent
human being, I can not deny the facts found in carbon dating studies of ancient
fossil remains... if God can creat man, he can also allow for investigation and confirmation of planet plant and animal life, the upheaval of mountains, and history of the sea.
Palaeontologists have searched for
fossil remains, and geneticists have rummaged through the historical documents that are
human and chimp DNA.
The
remains, alongside a digital reconstruction of a damaged
fossil from a key early -
human species, point to an evolutionary explosion at the dawn of our genus, Homo.
More recent
fossil discoveries in the same region, including the iconic 3.7 million year old Laetoli footprints from Tanzania which show
human - like feet and upright locomotion, have cemented the idea that hominins (early members of the
human lineage) not only originated in Africa but
remained isolated there for several million years before dispersing to Europe and Asia.
Whether the
human origins research community will accept
fossil footprints as conclusive evidence of the presence of hominins in the Miocene of Crete
remains to be seen,» says Per Ahlberg.
Judging from
fossil remains, scientists say the Boskops were similar to modern
humans but had small, childlike faces and huge melon heads that held brains about 30 percent larger than our own.
Still, many
human fossils from around 10,000 years ago or more
remain.
East African
fossils are famous, but new work on Australopithecus sediba suggests that the earliest
human remains may lie in an area near Johannesburg
«Of the carbon dioxide
human beings put into the atmosphere from the burning of
fossil fuels and deforestation,» Berry says, «roughly a third
remains in the atmosphere, a third goes into terrestrial ecosystems, and a third goes into the ocean.»
While some environmental leaders now cautiously support development of more nuclear reactors (which are free of
fossil fuels) to help stave off climate change, others
remain concerned that the risks to
human health and the environment are still too high to go down that road.
Trinkaus gained the clues to the Levantines» lifestyle from an unlikely combination of
fossil evidence recovered by Israeli archaeologists; first,
remains of the thigh bone (femur) and, secondly,
remains of rodents that shared the caves with the two
human populations, presumably nibbling their refuse.
The history of early
human fossil finds is a long and messy one, and as the new Homo naledi find shows, it
remains a work in progress.
The discovery was disproved in 1953, when advances in
fossil analysis showed definitively that the bones were less than 1000 years old, comprised of
human and orangutan
remains, and had been artificially stained and filed to imitate aging.
Such familiarity would have been crucial in designing the forgery, which catered to geologists» desire for confirmation of ideas about
human evolution based on a small number of
fossil remains, and would have validated Dawson's well - known scientific aspirations.
The animal
fossil remains bore signs of modification by
human hands, stone hammers, and anvils.
Owing to the scarcity of
human fossils from this period, these ancestors of all present - day non-African modern populations
remain largely enigmatic.
However, because of the nature of the chamber sediments and the lack of other animal
remains at the site, the researchers have not yet been able to nail down the exact age of these
fossils, without which «there's no way we can judge the evolutionary significance of this find,» Rick Potts, director of the
human origins program at the Smithsonian Institution's Natural History Museum, who was not involved in the discovery, told the Associated Press.
They report the discovery of a second chamber within Rising Star with abundant H. naledi
fossils, including one of the most complete skeletons of an early
human ever found, as well as the
remains of at least one child and another adult.
The
remaining 39 billion tons of annual
human - made CO2 emissions come from other activities like burning
fossil fuels in power plants and vehicles and producing concrete.
How
humans outpaced their relatives
remains a mystery, but
fossil evidence has left some clues about the scenarios that may have led to the downfall of Neanderthals.
Without the
fossil evidence, however, the LCA of chimps and
humans will have to
remain a dot on a clade and a phantom face on a computer screen.
To great accompanying media interest and even questions in the Houses of Parliament, the authors described their investigations into the important
fossil human remains of «Eoanthropus dawsoni» (The Dawn Man of Dawson), found at Piltdown in Sussex.
The
fossil remains of early
humans that dated back to the neolithic period showed signs of osteoporosis, arthritis, dental caries etc..
The limestone caves, once a marshy wetland supporting a huge diversity of plant life and animals, have expelled an impressive quantity of ancient mammal
remains and
fossil evidence of an early
human - like primate ancestor.
Visit Tanzania where two million year old
fossils suggest it was home to the world's first
humans; wander among Zimbabwe's Matobo Hills to discover rock paintings illustrating early religious beliefs, foraging traditions and
human progress; and meet the Massai People of Kenya to understand the cultural heritage of one of Africa's
remaining semi-nomadic tribes.
Animals, plants, minerals,
fossils, and the
remains of the world of objects produced by
humans, are pieced together into a dystopian - looking universe that contains the whole memory of the world.
A great moment, reflecting the inevitability of diverse responses to climate risk on a variegated planet, came during a plenary panel focused on ways to satisfy fast - growing
human energy needs while moving away from burning
fossil fuels, which
remain the world's dominant energy source.
But Obama faces a reality that many of these groups seem slow to recognize: While the 20th - century toolkit preferred by traditional environmentalists — litigation, regulation and legislation —
remains vital to limiting domestic pollution risks such as the oil gusher, it is a bad fit for addressing the building
human influence on the climate system, which is driven now mainly by a surge in emissions mostly outside United States borders in countries aiming to propel their climb out of poverty on the same
fossil fuels that generated much of our affluence.
Kingsnorth, who curiously shares his name with the site of the site of recent Climate Camp protests, recites a familiar litany — we are going to hell in a
fossil - fuel - and - capitalism - powered handcart, and the
human race is just to stupid to notice or care, and it will be a good thing when billions of us are dead, because those who
remain will have learned a lesson.
And, if we accept the WEC 2010 estimate of the inferred total amount of
remaining fossil fuels on our planet, the maximum possible
human - caused CO2 concentration that could ever be asymptotically reached is around 1020 ppmv.
And I'm sure you will also agree that
humans can not emit more CO2 from
fossil fuel combustion than there is carbon in all the
remaining fossil fuel resources on Earth.
You also ignored a key constraint on the amount of CO2 emitted by
humans, i.e. the amount of carbon contained in all the
remaining fossil fuels on Earth.
These are — and dramatic changes in the rate of growth of
human population (the «generators» of the
human emissions)-- an upper limit to the amount of carbon contained in all the
fossil fuels
remaining on our planet
It ignores two real physical constraints on
human CO2 emissions (plus resulting warming) in the future: — changes in
human population growth rates — total carbon contained in
remaining fossil fuel reserves
This is higher than ANY of the IPCC projections and is the level expected by combusting all the
remaining fossil fuels on our planet, so it is «virtually certain» (in IPCC terminology) that this level will NOT be reached from
human CO2 emissions by 2100.
While the above analysis yields good results for by tying past climate change to increases in
human CO2 emissions, it should be cautioned that the suggested exponential time relation is not suitable for projecting the future over longer time periods, because of possible changes in
human population growth rates and absolute limitations on carbon available in
remaining fossil fuels.
Assuming that
human CO2 emissions from
fossil fuels by 2100 will exceed all the carbon contained in all the
remaining fossil fuels on our planet is idiotic.
I have simply pointed out a) that your «extrapolation» of
human - induced CO2 increase does not take into account expected future trends in
human population growth, and b) that your 2100 level of 1000 ppm exceeds CO2 increase that would occur from consuming all the optimistically estimated
fossil fuel resources
remaining on our planet.
Attributing allegedly unnatural warming to the use of
fossil fuels to obtain energy essential for
human flourishing, these voices demand that people surrender their God - given dominium, even if doing so means
remaining in or returning to poverty.
And mandating that the life - saving, life - transforming power of
fossil fuels
remain buried in the ground is a prescription for early death, privation, and suffering for billions of our fellow
human beings.
About 12,900 years ago, these megafauna disappeared from the
fossil record, as did evidence of
human remains.
The emissions are known (calculated from
fossil fuel sales) The increase in the atmosphere is measured I never said or assumed that 50 % of the
human CO2
remains active.
Nevertheless,
humans would still have to demonstrate ingenuity and determination in exploiting even that reduced amount of
fossil fuels, while at the same time
remaining oblivious to the climate consequences.
After atmospheric CO2 levels
remained steady for thousands of years, natural sources suddenly began to emit more than the sinks absorb at the exact same time as
humans began burning
fossil fuels.
An upper limit that could ever be reached (assuming the increase is caused by
human emissions) would seem to be based on the total amount of
fossil fuels
remaining on our planet.
And while theoretically an increase of a few hundred ppmv of CO2 (and smaller quantities of other trace GHGs) might «exert a steady, constant upward forcing on temperature», this upward forcing is constrained by the amount of GHGs emitted by
humans based on the C availability in the
remaining fossil fuels.
Yet
fossil fuels, especially coal, will
remain a significant source of energy to meet
human needs for the foreseeable future.
As climate alarmists rend their garments over
fossil fuel emissions, a group of scientists has discovered that the world's plants have somehow increased their capacity to assimilate carbon, resulting in an actual decline in the percentage of
human - produced CO2
remaining in the atmosphere.
But as long as the rich nations — and their big polluters — dictate the terms of the Paris accord, maintain unhealthy
fossil fuel subsidies and refuse to establish a long - term market for renewable energy that includes putting a price on carbon emissions, a world that protects more vulnerable nations,
humans, animals and plants from the impacts of climate change will
remain a dream.