Sentences with phrase «human gene sequences»

Since a rough draft of the chimp genome became available in 2005, much research has focused on human gene sequences that are missing in apes.

For the most part, broad patents on entire natural human gene sequences are a thing of the past.

Representatives of Green MEPs accused the parliament's delegation of a «sellout» because they agreed to wording that will allow patenting of human gene sequences.

Not exact matches

June 19, 2013 — A Cornell University study offers further proof that the divergence of humans from chimpanzees some 4 million to 6 million years ago was profoundly influenced by mutations to DNA sequences that play roles in turning genes on and off.

In sequencing of the human genome, we learned that diseases rarely correlated to specific human genes.

Citation: Lemay DG, Ballard OA, Hughes MA, Morrow AL, Horseman ND, Nommsen - Rivers LA (2013) RNA Sequencing of the Human Milk Fat Layer Transcriptome Reveals Distinct Gene Expression Profiles at Three Stages of Lactation.

An international team led by researchers with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has developed a new technique for identifying gene enhancers — sequences of DNA that act to amplify the expression of a specific gene — in the genomes of humans and other mammals.

In 1980 Fiers first sequenced the gene for hemagglutinin derived from the human influenza strain H3N2 that circulated in 1965.

Thanks to powerful gene - sequencing techniques developed in the past two decades during the race to decode the human genome, researchers are beginning to reconstruct what our ancestors» microbiomes looked like, potentially going back thousands of years.

The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further.

Taking advantage of the handful of complete human genome sequences now available, the pair looked at how alleles — the two copies of each gene we inherit from our parents — differ within a genome.

When the researchers compared the mRNA to a library of DNA sequences taken from the dendrites of neurons by James Eberwine of the University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, they found that it came from a single gene on chromosome X — the human version of which, when mutated, leads to fragile - X syndrome.

The team found that humans are equipped with tiny differences in a particular regulator of gene activity, dubbed HARE5, that when introduced into a mouse embryo, led to a 12 % bigger brain than in the embryos treated with the HARE5 sequence from chimpanzees.

Data published by the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium indicate that somewhere between 113 and 223 genes present in bacteria and in the human genome are absent in well - studied organisms — such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans — that lie in between those two evolutionary extrHuman Genome Sequencing Consortium indicate that somewhere between 113 and 223 genes present in bacteria and in the human genome are absent in well - studied organisms — such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans — that lie in between those two evolutionary extrhuman genome are absent in well - studied organisms — such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans — that lie in between those two evolutionary extremes.

Erwin compares the endeavor to the Human Genome Project, in which scientists mapped the sequence of our genes.

In 1991, technology was developed that permitted «shot gun» sequencing, the identification of short DNA sequences scattered virtually at random throughout the 100,000 or so genes of the human genome.

The team sequenced the gene that codes for the NaV1.7 channel in mole rats, and compared it with SCN9A — a key gene in the human version of the channel.

Molecular geneticist Cheng Chi Lee, developmental biologist Gregor Eichele, and their co-workers at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston have isolated a gene in mice and humans that shares 44 % of the amino acid sequence of the period (per) gene of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

To more accurately reflect the mechanisms driving oligodendrogliomas, the researchers used RNA sequencing to study directly, on a single - cell level, gene expression in samples from six early - stage human tumors.

They downloaded sequences of more than 700 genes from organisms ranging from fruit flies to humans and compared genes from closely related species.

The human (and all the other) genome projects were predicated on the reasonable assumption that spelling out the full sequence of genes would reveal the source of that diversity of form and attributes that so readily distinguish worm from fly, mouse, chimp and human.

Using metabolic function analyses of identified genes, we compared our human genome with the average content of previously sequenced microbial genomes.

Experiments on it have illustrated what genes are made of, confirmed Darwinian evolution, and helped sequence the human genome.

But Aniket Gore of the US's National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and colleagues haven't found any disabling changes in the DNA sequences of eye development genes in the cavefish.

These retroviral gene sequences make up about 8 per cent of the human genome, and are part of what is called non-coding DNA because they don't contain genetic instructions to make proteins.

In - depth analysis of the human body's microflora has been possible only in the past few years — a by - product of the same new gene sequencing techniques that have allowed scientists to cheaply and accurately identify the DNA of the human genome.

The AcrA - PPMO also was effective against the human pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica, since those bacteria contain the same efflux pump with a matching gene sequence, Dr. Greenberg said.

A new study suggests that epigenetic effects — chemical modifications of the human genome that alter gene activity without changing the DNA sequence — may sometimes influence sexual orientation.

The trust now plans to increase its spending from $ 160 million to $ 325 million over 7 years at the Sanger Centre near Cambridge — Britain's main gene sequencing laboratory — for more painstaking efforts to sequence a third of the human genome by 2005.

Gene sequencing confirmed that the animals bore an analogous DNA mutation to the one seen in humans, which removes a large chunk of the BIN1 gene, known as exonGene sequencing confirmed that the animals bore an analogous DNA mutation to the one seen in humans, which removes a large chunk of the BIN1 gene, known as exongene, known as exon 11.

Since the publication of the human genome sequence in 2001, scientists have found that the so - called junk DNA that lies between genes actually carries out many important functions.

The expansive, sun - streaked laboratory sits above the university's renowned gene - sequencing center, which proved a major player in powering the Human Genome Project.

To trace the gene's evolutionary history in humans, the team sequenced a segment of DNA that includes ACTN3 in 96 people from Europe, Asia, or Africa.

The goal of the human genome project was to use DNA sequencing to reveal all three billion DNA letters in our chromosomes and find all our genes.

New, sophisticated gene sequencing techniques are leading to an increasing understanding of the causes of genetic disease, and can help parents with affected children make informed reproductive choices, the annual conference of the European Society of Human Genetics will hear.

Ressler then wanted to see whether Oprl1 could be linked to PTSD in humans, so looked at the gene's sequence in approximately 1,800 highly traumatized civilians, some of whom had PTSD and others who did not.

«The elephant results revealed noncoding sequences in the human genome that we predict may control gene activity and reduce the formation of mutations and cancer.»

As large - scale genome sequencing projects, such as the Human Genome Project, near completion, the research community's focus is shifting toward efforts to determine functional information about these sequenced genes.

Then, just two months later, Venter and his collaborators contributed partial sequences of nearly 30,000 human genes to a 379 - page atlas of the human genome published by the journal Nature.

When they sequenced the complete genomes of the Y. pestis DNA in those seven individuals, the team found that the bacterial genomes from the earliest samples lacked two genes that helped Y. pestis evade the immune systems of humans and fleas during the Black Death.

Both studies relied on a popular lab organism known as C. elegans, a nearly microscopic nematode that is fast growing, translucent and has a sequenced genome showing that nearly half its genes are closely related to corresponding human genes.

As when he worked on the human genome, Venter is relying on a radical technique called shotgun sequencing: He chops up vast amounts of DNA into tiny pieces and then uses sophisticated computer analyzers to piece them back together into intelligible genes and chromosomes.

IN THE DECADE since researchers first sequenced the human genome, obvious links between the genes and individual diseases have been slow to appear [see «Revolution Postponed,» by Stephen S. Hall; Scientific American, October].

This group found that DNA damage was repaired when human hereditary disorder type mutations (xrs2 mutations) were introduced in yeast XRS2 genes, but it was repaired with more errors than a DNA sequence with no mutations.

As scientists began to sequence human genes in the 1990s, sorting out the cellular locations of each gene's proteins became a priority, says Mathias Uhlén, a microbiologist at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden, and director of the Protein Atlas effort.

The researchers used the power of gene sequencing and clever computational methods to uncover the «source code» for human endothelial cells and learn how that code is disturbed in human disease.

Just as the Human Genome Initiative in the 1990s sequenced human DNA for the subsequent identification and analysis of genes, so too will the Materials Genome Initiative sequence materials for identifying new properties for a variety of applicatHuman Genome Initiative in the 1990s sequenced human DNA for the subsequent identification and analysis of genes, so too will the Materials Genome Initiative sequence materials for identifying new properties for a variety of applicathuman DNA for the subsequent identification and analysis of genes, so too will the Materials Genome Initiative sequence materials for identifying new properties for a variety of applications.

The sequencing of the N. furzeri genome represents a milestone for human aging research - since almost all genes of the little fish are also present in humans.

In order to locate all gene switches, the Freiburg research team used modern sequencing methods to examine the entire genome — DNA, epigenetic markers and RNA — during the development, maturation and disease of human cardiac muscle cells.

The new research focused on just nine genes, those most strongly associated with autism in recent sequencing studies, and investigated their effects using precise maps of gene expression during human brain development.