But because the mice had
human glia but not human neurons, he said, «we would have fewer concerns about any conceivable «humanization» of the mouse.»
Not exact matches
The transplants outcompete the mice's
glia, taking their place in the developing brain until «almost all of the
glia are
human,» Goldman said.
Within two to 12 weeks, the organoids were sprouting additional neurons, including ones found in very specific regions of the
human cortex;
glia cells including astrocytes; and neural stem cells.
In addition to shedding light on how abnormal
glia can cause schizophrenia, the study underlined how readily mouse brains accept
human cells.
The mice benefited from
human stem cells called glial progenitors, immature cells poised to become astrocytes and other
glia cells, the supposed support cells of the brain.
Rather, Verkhratsky argues, the apparent advantages afforded by
human astrocytes may be a consequence of their housekeeping abilities, underscoring the interdependence between
glia and neurons.
When the researchers injected
human umbilical stem cells behind the retinas of these rats, the Müller
glia remained healthy, as did the neural synapses.
In fact, both
human and zebrafish eyes contain Müller
glia, an «inducible» stem cell type that gives zebrafish their remarkable regenerative abilities.
In 2010, Kriegstein's lab discovered a new type of neural stem cell in the
human brain, which they dubbed outer radial
glia (oRGs) because these cells reside farther away from the nurturing ventricles, in an outer layer of the subventricular zone (oSVZ).
B is better than AAV9 at delivering genes to
human neurons and
glia.