«Our data give us a new, detailed understanding of the intercellular communication between developing liver cells, and shows we can produce
human liver buds that come remarkably close to recapitulating fetal cells from natural human development.»
Transplanted into a mouse,
the human liver buds, about 5 millimeters long, exhibited many functions of the mature organ, such as metabolizing sugars and drugs.
Not exact matches
When the scientists disabled the mouse's own
liver, the
human buds kept the animal alive for two months.
This year they succeeded in generating mini-livers, or
liver buds, from stem cells that were taken from
human skin and reprogrammed to an embryonic state.
They tried hundreds of different recipes; eventually they discovered that if they mixed
liver precursor cells (derived from iPS cells) with two other types of standard
human cell lines known to be important for embryonic
liver development, then the cells would spontaneously form a 4 to 5 - millimeter 3D structure called a
liver bud.
A cocktail of
human cell types mixed in a dish (inset, left) spontaneously forms a three dimensional
liver bud (inset, right) which is transplanted into a mouse for final development into a
The new cellular and molecular data uncovered in the current study will be «exploited in the future to further improve
liver bud organoids» and «precisely recapitulate differentiation of all cell types» in fetal
human development, the authors write.
Researchers observed that the lab - grown
liver buds have molecular and genetic signature profiles that very closely resemble those found in naturally developing
human liver cells.
Because of this, a major goal in regenerative medicine is to attain self - organizing
human tissues — in which cells experience a series of coordinated molecular events precisely timed and spaced to form functioning three dimensional
liver buds, the authors write.
However, Takebe's
liver bud has the advantage of being grown from iPS cells, rather than, for example, the primary
human hepatocytes used in Bhatia's graft, which could make it useful in modelling rare diseases or examining the specific genetic backgrounds of the iPS cell donors.
Generation of a vascularized and functional
human liver from an iPSC - derived organ
bud transplant.
Researchers from the laboratories of Hiroshi Y. Yoshikawa and Hideki Taniguchi had previously demonstrated the in vitro formation of a 3D transplantable
liver «organ
bud» from
human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) co-cultured with mesenchymal and endothelial progenitors, and allows for the growth of a small vascularized and functional organ [1 - 3].