By analyzing chemical changes of the IRS - 2 protein in immortalized cultures
of human white blood cells, it determined that IRS - 2 appeared in two different forms — «on,» which allows the signal to pass through, and «off,» which stops the signal from activating the cells into M2 macrophages.
After «inhaling» E. coli, for instance, the lung
attracted human white blood cells to attack and kill the bacteria, a process scientists have long understood but never before witnessed in vitro.
«We showed that antibodies produced against mutant GAC antigen
helped human white blood cells kill the pathogen and protected mice from lethal strep infection,» said Jason Cole, PhD, a visiting project scientist from the University of Queensland, Australia, and co-lead author of the paper.
The work, as detailed in the journal Stem Cells, shows that only a bit of creative manipulation is needed to turn skin cells
into human white blood cells.
High has experimented with transgenics in a number of multimedia, interspecies projects such as Embracing Animal (2004 - 2006), and she has staged competitions
between human white blood cells through her ongoing Blood Wars tournaments.
The study's researchers infected macrophages, a type
of human white blood cell, with a highly virulent strain of tuberculosis.
Orientin and vicenin are two water - soluble flavonoids that have been of particular interest in basil, and in studies
on human white blood cells; these components of basil protect cell structures as well as chromosomes from radiation and oxygen - based damage.
ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS MIKOVITS DID was to employ a microarray — a small tray seeded with DNA from nearly every known virus — to flag viral DNA
in human white blood cells.
They began by observing which proteins became active in the presence of IL - 4 in
human white blood cells and add «stop» signals to IRS - 2.
NPD1 = PD1 is present in
human white blood cells, and was first identified based on its ability to resolve abdominal and brain inflammation.
The researchers found that a mutant strep strain lacking the human - like GlcNAc sugar on the GAC molecule exhibited normal bacterial growth and expressed key proteins known to be associated with strep virulence, but was easily killed when exposed to
human white blood cells or serum.
A group of scientists recently published a paper describing what happened when they ordered some dioxin from Dow Chemical, grabbed some DDT while they were at it, and dripped the chemicals on
some human white blood cells, with and without a variety of phytonutrients, to see if they could have a protective effect.