Sentences with phrase «humans and mice by»

Not exact matches

It has been predicted already that by 2020, we will be using gesture control on computers to stop us using our mouse and keypad, and that there will be a rise in robotics carrying out human work in an office environment.

A study by researchers at the University of Chicago Medicine shows that when mice that are genetically susceptible to developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were given antibiotics during late pregnancy and the early nursing period, their offspring were more likely to develop an inflammatory condition of the colon that resembles human IBD.

The mice behaved just like others of their kind, as far as scientists could tell, and they also looked the same — except for the human mini brain that had been implanted into each rodent's own cortex, made visible by a little clear cover replacing part of their skull.

«Our study shows that epigenetic drift, which is characterized by gains and losses in DNA methylation in the genome over time, occurs more rapidly in mice than in monkeys and more rapidly in monkeys than in humans,» explains Jean - Pierre Issa, MD, Director of the Fels Institute for Cancer Research at LKSOM, and senior investigator on the new study.

ARTIFICIAL sweeteners can cause glucose intolerance in mice, and perhaps in humans, by altering gut bacteria, a series of experiments suggests.

PDX models are created by implanting cancerous tissue from a human primary tumor directly into immunodeficient mouse or rat models, enabling acceleration of oncology research or drug discovery and development programs.

Duke scientists have shown that it's possible to pick out key changes in the genetic code between chimpanzees and humans and then visualize their respective contributions to early brain development by using mouse embryos.

A joint work by EPFL, ETH Zürich and the CHUV has identified a pathological process that takes place in both mice and humans towards one of the most common diseases that people face in the industrialized world: type 2 diabetes.

A study published by Cell Press October 16th in Cell now reveals that gut microbes in mice and humans have circadian rhythms that are controlled by the biological clock of the host in which they reside.

A decade ago, he replicated the entire human leukemia disease process by introducing oncogenes into normal human blood cells, transplanting them into xenografts (special immune - deficient mice that accept human grafts) and watching leukemia develop — a motherlode discovery that has guided leukemia research ever since.

By combining the pieces in one way or another, we would obtain very different circuits (as happens between mice and humans) although the basic mechanisms governing the operation are based on the same methods and available resources.

Since then, he and his colleagues have modified the sequences of influenza viruses to bind to a natural microRNA expressed in humans and mice, in essence developing a virus that's knocked down by the body's natural microRNA.

The method is relatively new, but far bacteria - based vaccines have proven effective: A seasonal flu vaccine produced by VaxInnate successfully protected humans in clinical trials, and the company's recently tested swine flu vaccine immunized mice against the virus.

An additional study, currently available at bioRxiv, led by the researchers from the CRG and Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, highlights the fact that a substantial part of human and mice genes have maintained an essentially constant expression throughout evolution, in tissues and various organs.

Senior author Madhav Dhodapkar, M.D., the Arthur H. and Isabel Bunker Professor of Medicine and Immunobiology, and chief of Hematology, said the study, using tissue and blood samples from humans and mice, shows that chronic stimulation of the immune system by lipids made in the context of inflammation underlies the origins of at least a third of all myeloma cases.

This is the finding of a study in both mice and human patients led by researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center and published online June 9 in the journal Cell.

He and his colleagues are also attempting to make an animal model of stuttering by inserting the human mutation into mice.

By promoting DNA demethylation, high - dose vitamin C treatment induced stem cells to mature, and also suppressed the growth of leukemia cancer stem cells from human patients implanted in mice.

Kilian said his team's synthetic microenvironment lies somewhere in the middle of two extremes in the field of modeling biology: the hard plastic plate, and expensive mouse avatars that are created by injecting human tumor cells into mice.

Scientists have assumed these tunes are hardwired in their tiny mouse brains and doubted that rodents modify their songs after hearing others — a cognitive feat similar to vocalizations by birds and some mammals, including dolphins, bats and humans.

To see if they would suffice to make H5N1 infection less severe, Webby and his co-workers injected mice with DNA for the neuraminidase gene from human H1N1, one of three flu subtypes covered by this winter's flu shot.

They found that blocking ANGPTL3 activity with an investigative injectable antibody, known as evinacumab, reduced triglycerides by up to 76 percent and lowered LDL cholesterol 23 percent in human study participants, and largely reversed signs of atherosclerosis in a mouse models.

«No matter whether human being, mouse, whale or bacterium, nature does not constantly invent proteins for various living organisms anew, but varies them by evolutionary mutation and selection,» Alexander Schug of the Steinbuch Centre for Computing (SCC) says.

Using a mouse model of HSV - 1 as well as autopsied samples of human adult and fetal tissues, investigators from Dartmouth College's Geisel School of Medicine found that antibodies against HSV - 1 produced by adult women or female mice could travel to the nervous systems of their yet unborn babies, preventing the development and spread of infection during birth.

Scientists have a promising new approach to combating deadly human viruses thanks to an educated hunch by University of California, Riverside microbiology professor Shou - Wei Ding, and his 20 years of research on plants, fruit flies, nematodes and mice to show the truth in his theory.

The authors said that this result suggests that the reason bacterial numbers are so high in these mice, and, by extension, human LAD patients, is not because of a defect in the immune system's surveillance mechanism but because of the inflammation caused by the immune system's abnormal response to normal levels of bacteria in the gums.

By assessing the survival of the cells that engulf the particles and measuring the levels of red or green light that they emitted, the researchers determined which formulation of particles performed best, then tested that formulation in mice with human brain cancer derived from their patients.

By comparing our genetic make - up to the genomes of mice, chimps and a menagerie of other species (rats, chickens, dogs, pufferfish, the microscopic worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and many bacteria), scientists have learned a great deal about how genes evolve over time, and gained insights into human diseases.

Since the current work was done in mice, O'Leary and Zembrzycki want to confirm the link in humans by using brain scans to measure the natural variation in the neocortical areas and search for potential links to disease.

Joseph Castellano at Stanford University in California and his colleagues discovered this by collecting blood from people at three different life stages — babies, young people around the age of 22, and older people around the age of 66 — and injecting the plasma component into mice that were the equivalent of around 50 years old in human years.

However, cancer cells may instead be coaxed to turn back into normal tissue simply by reactivating a single gene, according to a study that found that restoring normal levels of a human colorectal cancer gene in mice stopped tumor growth and re-established normal intestinal function within only 4 days.

By pairing a receptor that targets neurons with a molecule that degrades the main component of Alzheimer's plaques, the biologists were able to substantially dissolve these plaques in mice brains and human brain tissue, offering a potential mechanism for treating the debilitating disease, as well as other conditions that involve either the brain or the eyes.

The results obtained by Afsaneh Gaillard's team and that Pierre Vanderhaeghen at the Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology show, for the first time, using mice, that pluripotent stem cells differentiated into cortical neurons make it possible to reestablish damaged adult cortical circuits, both neuroanatomically and functionally.

One gene, which codes for a powerful growth - stimulating hormone in mice and humans, is expressed only by paternally derived genes.

Colonization by the human and animal parasite, Giardia, changed the species composition of the mouse microbiome in a way that might be harmful.

They found evidence of Del - 1 in the same areas as osteoclast activity, then followed up by generating human and mouse osteoclasts in vitro and found Del - 1 mRNA and protein expressed at high levels.

Although that marker, called IL21, had not previously been associated with autoimmune diseases, the gene that produces it sits right in the stretch of DNA known to make these mice vulnerable to diabetes, suggesting that IL21 might make a drug target, says Sarvetnick.Furthermore, by giving the animals a shot of dead bacteria — similar to an immunization in humans — when they were newborns, Sarvetnick and her colleagues prevented a surfeit of CD4 + and CD8 + cells.

They created inflammation in the temporomandibular joints of the mice, and then measured bite force exerted by the mice to assess jaw inflammation and pain, similar to how TMJD pain is gauged in human patients.

Gough Island might have been largely uninhabited by humans, but 50 years later, residents of nearby islands raised questions about the unusually vicious mice that now roam the island (50 per cent heavier than wild mice anywhere in the world) and devastate the bird population.

A 2007 study co-authored by Small shows that exercise improves its function in both mice and humans.

By studying how these genes cause defects in fly and mouse models, we can improve our insights into the mechanisms related to human disease,» said corresponding author and Dr. Hugo J. Bellen, professor of neuroscience and molecular and human genetics at Baylor College of Medicine and an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.

The dosages used in human executions are, in some cases, lower by body weight than the dosages that would kill only 50 percent of mice and from which monkeys have been able to successfully recover.

Researchers developed a new type of cell transplantation to treat mice mimicking a rare lung disease that one day could be used to treat this and other human lung diseases caused by dysfunctional immune cells.

«By identifying the signals that instruct mouse progenitor cells to become cells that make tubes and later insulin - producing beta cells, we can transfer this knowledge to human stem cells to more robustly make beta cells, says Professor and Head of Department Henrik Semb from the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology at the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences.

By examining cell processes both in mice and in human cells, the researchers found out why: Re-esterification helps protect a key cell organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).

Mouse embryonic stem cells, reported in 1981 by Martin Evans, Matthew Kaufman, and Gail Martin, have allowed scientists to generate genetically customized strains of mice that have revolutionized studies of organismic development and immunity and have provided countless models of human disease.

In addition, cohousing coprophagic mice harboring transplanted microbiota from discordant pairs provides an opportunity to determine which bacterial taxa invade the gut communities of cage mates, how invasion correlates with host phenotypes, and how invasion and microbial niche are affected by human diets.

The team led by Dr Rubén López — of the UAB's Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology and Institute of Neuroscience, and the Centre for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED)-- used a genetically modified mouse that produces the human form of IL - 37 to study the function of this protein.

By using molecular genetic tools to reduce the amount of PC in human lung cancer cells, the team observed decreased cell growth, a compromised ability to form colonies in soft agar (a gelatinous material specifically used to grow bacteria and other cells), and a reduced rate of tumor growth in mice.

A single gene appears to play a crucial role in coordinating the immune system and metabolism, and deleting the gene in mice reduces body fat and extends lifespan, according to new research by scientists at the Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center (USDA HNRCA) on Aging at Tufts University and Yale University School of Medicine.