Sentences with phrase «humans and mice made»

Scientists poring over the 3 - billion - letter - long genomes of humans and mice made a host of new discoveries in 2005.

Not exact matches

Scientists know how to make fruit flies and mice smarter, and efforts to come up with a treatment for Alzheimer's and other neurological disorders are leading to drugs that enhance memory and cognition in humans.

Infant formula continues to evolve and there are patents already for implanting genes for making human milk in mice.

Dr. Issa's team made their discovery after first examining methylation patterns on DNA in blood collected from individuals of different ages for each of three species — mouse, monkey, and human.

The Salk team therefore took human brain organoids that had been growing in lab dishes for 31 to 50 days and implanted them into mouse brains (more than 200 so far) from which they had removed a tiny bit of tissue to make room.

Introducing human prostate cancer cell lines into mice, Wu and his colleagues saw a particular enzyme called MAOA activate a cascade of signals that made it easier for tumor cells to invade and grow in bone.

The mice behaved just like others of their kind, as far as scientists could tell, and they also looked the same — except for the human mini brain that had been implanted into each rodent's own cortex, made visible by a little clear cover replacing part of their skull.

Researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College recently identified a gene abnormality that is associated with anxiety - related behaviors; it makes humans and mice hypervigilant to cues that signal danger.

The study examined specific immune pathways known to be activated during flu infections in both humans and mice, which makes the findings relevant to children.

The long lifespan of dogs and their reproductive cycle could make them more relevant to human fertility than mice, he says.

Senior author Madhav Dhodapkar, M.D., the Arthur H. and Isabel Bunker Professor of Medicine and Immunobiology, and chief of Hematology, said the study, using tissue and blood samples from humans and mice, shows that chronic stimulation of the immune system by lipids made in the context of inflammation underlies the origins of at least a third of all myeloma cases.

«Our results indicate that the epigenetic modification we studied makes both mice and humans more susceptible to obesity and with increasing age increases their risk of developing a fatty liver,» said Anne Kammel, first author of the study.

More importantly, within the afflicted groups, both the mice and humans had similarly poor performance in the hidden target trials, making the Morris Maze Test a useful tool for comparing our two species, the researchers say.

Research in mice and human cells suggests that a fasting - mimicking diet may reprogram pancreas cells that are unable to produce insulin and enable them to repair themselves and start making it.

He and his colleagues are also attempting to make an animal model of stuttering by inserting the human mutation into mice.

The same observations were made in organoids (artificially grown masses of cells that resemble an organ) created from unique basal progenitor cells that were isolated from the gastroesophageal junction in mice and humans.

CRISPR — Cas9 (or CRISPR, for short) has given scientists a powerful way to make precise changes to DNA — in microbes, plants, mice, dogs and even in human cells.

To see if they would suffice to make H5N1 infection less severe, Webby and his co-workers injected mice with DNA for the neuraminidase gene from human H1N1, one of three flu subtypes covered by this winter's flu shot.

By comparing our genetic make - up to the genomes of mice, chimps and a menagerie of other species (rats, chickens, dogs, pufferfish, the microscopic worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and many bacteria), scientists have learned a great deal about how genes evolve over time, and gained insights into human diseases.

Scientists, with practice, have now been able to make nuclear transfer nearly routine to produce cattle, cats, mice, sheep, goats, pigs, and — as a Korean team announced in May — even human embryonic stem (ES) cells.

The results obtained by Afsaneh Gaillard's team and that Pierre Vanderhaeghen at the Institute of Interdisciplinary Research in Human and Molecular Biology show, for the first time, using mice, that pluripotent stem cells differentiated into cortical neurons make it possible to reestablish damaged adult cortical circuits, both neuroanatomically and functionally.

Common ingredients in the cleaning sprays for your kitchen and bathroom make mice less fertile, suggesting the compounds could do the same to humans, according to a new study.

Although that marker, called IL21, had not previously been associated with autoimmune diseases, the gene that produces it sits right in the stretch of DNA known to make these mice vulnerable to diabetes, suggesting that IL21 might make a drug target, says Sarvetnick.Furthermore, by giving the animals a shot of dead bacteria — similar to an immunization in humans — when they were newborns, Sarvetnick and her colleagues prevented a surfeit of CD4 + and CD8 + cells.

Now, a new study in mice shows how a gene, called FOXP2, implicated in a language disorder may have changed between humans and chimps to make learning to speak possible — or at least a little easier.

«By identifying the signals that instruct mouse progenitor cells to become cells that make tubes and later insulin - producing beta cells, we can transfer this knowledge to human stem cells to more robustly make beta cells, says Professor and Head of Department Henrik Semb from the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology at the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences.

To make this discovery, the researchers stimulated isolated neutrophils from humans and mice with nicotine and could measure a dose - dependent release of inflammatory molecules.

The company now has an array of fully human antibodies in its pipeline created with its proprietary VelocImmune mouse, which has been engineered to express human antibody genes while still mounting a robust immune response by making antibodies with fully human variable regions and mouse constant regions.

Though the findings were made in mice, not humans, the researchers say the crucial role of calcium may help explain another mystery: Why some hospital patients and nursing home residents have a much higher risk of contracting C. diff infections and the resulting diarrhea that carries its spores out of the body.

In vitro experiments used human colon carcinoma cells with and without MMP9 and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, which are connective tissue cells that make the extracellular matrix and collagen and play an important role in tissue repair.

What's more, the technology works not just for humans but for almost any higher species and is being used to make high - resolution maps of mice, rats, various plants, and even sheep, goats and pigs.

It highlighted differences in the structure and make up of human NMJs compared with those of mice and rats, which are routinely used in studying neuromuscular diseases.

They separately injected six chemicals that make humans itch, such as histamine and the antimalarial drug chloroquine, under the mice's skin and noted how much the animals scratched.

Using a model of Parkinson's disease in which the toxin MPTP, made famous in book «The Case of the Frozen Addicts,» induces Parkinson's - like symptoms in humans and mice, Dr. Smeyne showed that mice infected with H1N1, even long after the initial infection, had more severe Parkinson's symptoms than those who had not been infected with the flu.

But Franklin and others suspect that in their zeal to clean up, facilities may have wiped out some of the microbial complexity that makes mice useful models for human disease.

Rats and mice in pain make facial expressions similar to those in humans — so similar, in fact, that a few years ago researchers developed rodent «grimace scales,» which help them assess an animal's level of pain simply by looking at its face.

In that sense, the researchers added, mouse decision - making resembles the human act of accumulating and weighing all the evidence before making a choice.

Findings made in animal models do not always translate to patients, but it appears that this important eye vessel functions very similarly in mice and humans.

What's more, the mice developed symptoms typical of rheumatoid arthritis in humans: Their joints became inflamed and were filled with immune system chemical messengers, such as TNF - α, which make the immune system turn on the body.

In mice and humans alike, the cerebral cortex — the outermost layer of brain tissue associated with high - level functions such as memory and decision - making — starts out as a spherical sheet of tissue made up of only neural stem cells.

This led the authors to the hypothesis that molecular signals regulating SATB2 in frogs and mice could be used to make human colon organoids that express the protein.

Researchers at healthcare firm Alkahest in San Carlos, California, recently injected blood from human teenagers into old mice, and found it made them more active and improved their memories.

Liang thinks rats make better models of human feeding behaviors than mice because rats are bigger mammals and eat significantly more than mice, making it easier to measure their food intake.

In addition, we have provided recommendations for selecting performance measures and sample sizes to make these assays sensitive to learning and memory deficits in humans with MCI - AD and in mouse models.

The germ cells made from stem cells stopped differentiating in the mice before they produced mature sperm (likely because of the significant differences between the reproductive processes of humans and mice) regardless of the fertility status of the men from whom they were derived.

A team of postdoctoral and research scientists at the Wellcome Sanger Institute and MRC Cancer Unit has made data sets of human and mouse immune and stromal cells openly accessible on a preview site that provides initial access to data for the Human Cell Atlas initiative, before these have been publihuman and mouse immune and stromal cells openly accessible on a preview site that provides initial access to data for the Human Cell Atlas initiative, before these have been publiHuman Cell Atlas initiative, before these have been published.

Scientists have developed a new RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic agent that safely blocked ocular inflammation in mice, potentially making it a new treatment for human uveitis and diabetic retinopathy.

The similarity of the mouse and human genetic make - up means that genes associated with disease in humans can be studied and further investigated in mouse models.

«If you made a prediction from a human and it works in a mouse avatar, now the chances of it working back in a human are much, much higher,» says Califano.

The INFRAFRONTIER mission: ◊ to shape the European Research Area in the field of mouse functional genomics and thereby make an important contribution to the study of human disease.

«We made this discovery using a supercomputer, on the lab bench, in mice and in humans.»