They measure
the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes to infer air temperatures at the time the snow fell, and the dust particles give a nice indication of the dusty periods (much of the dust was kicked up far away, in the Gobi Desert, rather than from sources closer to Greenland).
Lower amounts of stable
hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in the ice indicate colder weather, Persoiu said.
They next measured overall energy expenditure by giving volunteers water laced with
hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and measuring how much was excreted in urine.
Mark, who focuses on the Andes region, developed a method of determining how much of a community's water supply is glacier - fed by analyzing
the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in water samples.
The composition of these ice cores, especially the presence of
hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, provides a picture of the climate at the time.
Not exact matches
By looking at the chemistry of rocks deposited during that time period, specifically coupled carbon
and sulfur
isotope data, a research team led by University of California, Riverside biogeochemists reports that
oxygen - free
and hydrogen sulfide - rich waters extended across roughly five percent of the global ocean during this major climatic perturbation — far more than the modern ocean's 0.1 percent but much less than previous estimates for this event.
When ocean storms bump into mountains, raindrops burdened with heavy
isotopes of
oxygen and hydrogen are the first to precipitate.
They also used satellite precipitation data to «backsolve» the brine's origins using sodium concentrations,
oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, as the isotopic composition of water reflects the condensation temperature
and precipitation rate over time.
The team based its analysis on ratios of
oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in ice cores drilled in East Antarctica.
«We identified the different
isotopes of
hydrogen and oxygen in the water, which allowed us to work out where the water came from.
First, I do think that there is a lot of work to be done in the interpretation of
oxygen /
hydrogen isotope values obtained at a site,
and there's still plenty of disagreement in the paleo - community on how to best connect the isotopic signal in a record with climate.
Curiosity measured the same pattern in
isotopes of
hydrogen, as well as carbon
and oxygen, consistent with a loss of a substantial fraction of Mars» original atmosphere.
First, I do think that there is a lot of work to be done in the interpretation of
oxygen /
hydrogen isotope values obtained at a site,
and there's still plenty of disagreement in the paleo - community on how to best connect the isotopic signal in a record with climate.
Who knows, maybe some people read the Wegman Report, look at Table 1, think it actually came as is from Bradley,
and confidently write of 1) «ions
and isotopes of
oxygen and hydrogen», 2) «speleothrems»
and 3) «phonology».
1) M&W used the first, not realizing that those aren't the exact words from Bradley, which is «major ions
and isotopes of
hydrogen and oxygen», which is parsed (major ions)
and (
isotopes of H
and O), because «major ions» in thsi context has a specific meaning
and it has nothing to do with H&O.
But not with (ions
and isotopes) of (
hydrogen and oxygen),
and speleotherms (when Bradley never uses that),
and the odd «artifacts.»
• «Ions
and isotopes of
hydrogen and oxygen» uses the WR's meaning - changed miscopy of Bradley, as «ions» is not the same as «major ions.»
One tiny problem, Skip: according to M&W it's done using
isotopes of
oxygen and hydrogen... so, I'm still waiting for a reference.
The «ions
and isotopes of
hydrogen and oxygen» gaffe is explained, a href =» https://deepclimate.org/2010/08/19/mcshane-
and-wyner-2010/#comment-5247″ > in this post in the M&W thread, followed later by discussion of «Quarternary» a bit later.