The polymer can readily form
hydrogen bonds with water.
For instance, Schoenmann explains, microscopic particulates in the air will form
hydrogen bonds with a painting's surface so that «no amount of water or scrubbing will be able to remove that dirt.
X-ray crystallography revealed that the isothiourea moiety was making an extended network of
hydrogen bonds with functional groups that were key to BACE1's catalytic activity.
The chromophore establishes
hydrogen bonds with water molecules and side chains of the adjacent amino acids as well as van der Waals contacts, all of which influence its fluorescent properties.
The hydrogen bonds with carbon to form methane.
First, the water molecules around the hydroxide ion bounced around, positioning and creating
hydrogen bonds with the hydroxide.
Melanie Sanford, a chemist the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, who focuses on using metal - based agents, primarily palladium, to catalyze reactions that substitute hydrogen in carbon -
hydrogen bonds with other atoms or functional groups.
When ethanol dissolves in water, the ethanol molecules remain intact but form new
hydrogen bonds with the water.
Previously, researchers assumed that positively charged hydrogen could only create
hydrogen bonds with negatively charged elements like oxygen, fluorine and nitrogen.
Their composition is largely dependent on hydrogen atoms in the molecules, and the ability of these to create
hydrogen bonds with other elements.
After careful analysis, the research team determined that an ammonia molecule forms a nearly linear
hydrogen bond with another ammonia molecule and that additional hydrogen bonds with another ammonia molecules do not perturb this pattern.
Meanwhile, Christner says, unraveling the chemistry of ice - binding proteins (which tend to form
a hydrogen bond with water molecules) could have important biotech applications.
Not exact matches
Cats give birth to kittens, not woodchucks, oxygen
bonds with hydrogen to make water and not alcohol.
Hydrogen bonds only operate when the molecule includes an OH, NH, or HF (although molecules with an F - C component can be attracted with hydrogen bonding to an OH
Hydrogen bonds only operate when the molecule includes an OH, NH, or HF (although molecules
with an F - C component can be attracted
with hydrogen bonding to an OH
hydrogen bonding to an OH or NH).
Do they have enough ions running around to stick themselves together
with hydrogen bonds?
Nevertheless, a team from the University of Copenhagen's Department of Chemistry has managed to become the first to
bond positively charged phosphorus atoms
with positively charged
hydrogen ones.
They are also all saturated fats, chains of single -
bonded carbon atoms
with hydrogen atoms neatly lined up on either side of each carbon.
Hydrogen atoms contained in water readily
bond with the heavy isotope to form hydrochloric acid gas, which then leaks into space — leaving more of the lighter isotope behind.
Water, via
hydrogen bonds, interacts
with the walls of the artificial channels.
Dr Russo said: «
With this procedure, we have found that what makes water behave anomalously is the presence of a particular arrangement of the water's molecules, such as the tetrahedral arrangement, where a water molecule is
hydrogen -
bonded to four molecules located on the vertices of a tetrahedron.
White's group is working on catalysts that can modify a wider range of amino acids, particularly those
with electron - rich aromatic functionality, which compete
with the carbon -
hydrogen bonds for oxidation using the current catalyst.
Organic chemist David Leigh of the University of Edinburgh, U.K., and colleagues had previously discovered that they could slow the spin of rotaxane rotors 1000-fold
with oscillating electric fields, which apparently polarize and strengthen the weak
hydrogen bonds holding a ring to its thread.
Complex organic molecules, consisting of carbon
bonded with other elements like oxygen and
hydrogen, are common in the Milky Way, but it was uncertain whether they would be produced in certain dwarf galaxies like the neighboring Large Magellanic Cloud.
Amino acids known to regulate receptor function are linked through packing interactions and a network of
hydrogen bonds, suggesting a conformational pathway from the ligand - binding pocket to regions that interact
with G proteins.
These groups readily form
hydrogen bonds that helped the fibers make tight contacts
with one another, further strengthening the material.
In aqueous fluids, amino acid residues that have polar sidechains — components that can have a charge under certain physiological conditions or that participate in
hydrogen bonding — tend to be located on the surface of the protein where they can interact
with water, which has negatively and positively side charges to its molecule.
They make good fuels because the energy stored in the
bonds between carbon and
hydrogen is abundant and easy to release in combustion
with oxygen.
First, the chemists release the
hydrogen from its
bonds with carbon by mixing methane
with oxygen, throwing in a catalyst, and turning up the heat.
«That's what his advance is pointing towards,» he says, «finding an alternative catalyst that will allow us to do oxygen evolution (breaking the
bonds of water or H2O and forming oxygen) in concert
with hydrogen» on a grand scale.
When the experiment was repeated using propanol — a larger alcohol
with less
hydrogen bonding in the mixture — optical distillation produced the same result as thermal distillation.
In recent years researchers have achieved better performance
with compounds such as lithium borohydride, in which the metal atoms form weaker, ionic
bonds with groups containing several
hydrogen atoms.
Atoms of most elements, such as
hydrogen, oxygen and carbon, form tight chemical
bonds by sharing electrons
with their neighbours in order to give each atom a stable configuration of electrons.
The researchers discovered that these catalysts — copper in the form of a white salt and the ligand as an oil — can oxidize C - H
bonds in a very efficient way in combination
with hydrogen peroxide, a reduced form of oxygen that nature uses.
The
hydrogen bonds can be disrupted by water vapor in the air,
with each keratin binding to water in the air instead of each other.
Scientists from Tomsk Polytechnic University together
with their colleagues from USA and Japan have proposed a novel way to address the most important and fundamental challenge of organic chemistry, i.e. breaking a
bond between carbon and
hydrogen atoms to form new organic substances.
So researchers are looking for materials that can stabilise
hydrogen by weakly
bonding with it.
Working at the ESRF in Grenoble, France, they bombarded ice
with powerful x-rays and studied the scattering patterns when the x-ray photons ricocheted off the electrons in the
hydrogen bonds.
As the water boiled away, the
hydrogen escaped into interstellar space while the oxygen came back down and
bonded with carbon atoms.
Also, the pressure exerted on the water is so high that
hydrogen bond interactions
with the graphene surface are overcome by the attractive van der Waals atomic interaction that draws together the graphene planes.
When combined
with hydrogen peroxide, TAMLs neutralize many contaminants by breaking their chemical
bonds.
These
bonds complement existing interactions such as conventional
hydrogen bonds or the more recent chalcogen
bonds with sulfur.
Under normal conditions, the contact — or
bond — used is
with hydrogen.
This fact, along
with the computer simulation, suggests that the mechanical force provided by actin can restructure CPEB into a longer fiber
with new
hydrogen bonds between the coils.
Two features make this polymer ultrastrong, Sachleben told Live Science: Its molecules, or «beads,» are strongly attracted to one another; and
hydrogen bonds — the same
bonds found in DNA, as well as water molecules — keep the «beaded strings» tightly interlocked
with their neighboring beaded strings, Sachleben said.
For example, instead of stealing an electron from double -
bonded carbons or a nearby propagating chain, the carbon atom
with the free radical sometimes steals an entire
hydrogen atom from another chain end.
«Water could be the most abundant source of
hydrogen if one could separate the
hydrogen from its strong
bond with oxygen in the water by using a catalyst.»
The high energy content of the
hydrogen molecule meets
with a particularly stable
bonding situation.
First, they occurred quickly and the resulting nucleotides spontaneously paired
with each other in water, forming
hydrogen bonds like the Watson - Crick base pairs that create the «ladder - rung» pattern inside RNA and DNA helixes.
The geometrical structures and
hydrogen -
bond tunneling pathways of the water trimer, tetramer, pentamer, and hexamer systems have recently been characterized
with global analysis of potential surfaces, diffusion Monte Carlo calculations, and far - infrared laser vibration - rotation tunneling spectroscopy.
«Cheap, energy - efficient and clean reaction to make chemical feedstock: Combining experimental and computer chemistry, scientists find the conditions to break carbon -
hydrogen bonds at low temperature
with cheap titanium in place of rare metals.»