Sentences with phrase «hydrogen ions which»

Once it sinks into the water, the carbon dioxide reacts with water molecules to form carbonic acid; the carbonic acid then releases hydrogen ions which in turn combine with carbonate ions (the ones that shellfish and other creatures need) removing them from the water.

When water molecules rise into the upper atmosphere, sunlight breaks the water into hydrogen ions which are fast and escape easily, and heavier oxygen ions which are carried away by the electric field.

This aurora is driven by Jupiter's intense magnetic field, which causes particles to reach such high speeds that they can split the water molecules in the plume when they hit them, resulting in oxygen and hydrogen ions which leave their telltale imprint in the colours of the aurora.

Not exact matches

Unlike ice sanitizing technologies that use UV light or other sources that create ozone, which can be hazardous to health, the patent - pending BPi200 uses a small electrical housing and carbon - fiber brushes to release airborne positive hydrogen and negative oxygen ions throughout the ice machine without creating ozone.

The substance, which consists of a fluid of hydrogen ions running through a lattice of oxygen, was formed by compressing water between two diamonds and then zapping it with a laser.

There are basically two types of lines, those produced by collisions between the atoms or ions and the electrons in the surrounding gas, which are called collision lines, and which are very bright for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and neon, and lines which are produced when ions capture free electrons, which are called recombination lines, and which are bright only for those gases with the highest abundances in the interstellar medium: hydrogen and helium.

This electron transfer turned the positive ions into neutral molecular hydrogen, which bubbled up and away as a gas.

Analysis of the water leaving Venus's atmosphere, however, shows that many of the hydrogen ions are actually a stable isotope of the element called deuterium, which consists of a proton and a neutron (rather than just a proton) in its nucleus.

It is based on the measurement of pH, which is based in turn on the activity of hydrogen ions (H +) in a water or salt solution.

Teams around the world are searching for suitable cathode materials which can efficiently turn those ions into hydrogen gas, says Gamelin.

«Unlike other fuel cells which transport positively charged [hydrogen, or H +,] ions through a membrane, solid oxide types use a ceramic oxide — through which negatively charged oxygen ions pass,» Stokes explains.

«Sodium ions are much smaller than the hydrogen protons bound to oxygen molecules in the water in our bodies which are mapped by conventional MRI.

This membrane separates the cathode from the anode, which splits hydrogen (H2) into ions (protons) and delivers them to the cathode, which puts out current.

But that is not their goal; instead, they're working toward the much higher bar of hydrogen - boron fusion, which will require ion temperatures above 3 billion degrees Celsius.

Electrons were consumed by the polyaniline, while the holes were consumed by the methanol, releasing hydrogen ions, which made the solution acidic close to the place where the light was absorbed.

ICING OUT An unusual form of ice is made of a solid lattice of oxygen ions (circles in this illustration) through which hydrogen ions travel freely (pink trails), like a liquid.

In reality, though, the reaction is slow, inefficient and requires large quantities of both hydrogen peroxide and ferrous (Fe2 +, a divalent iron ion) salt — which serves as a catalyst.

«The sperm pumps out calcium and takes in hydrogen ions, which seems to give it that last push into the egg, and also is critical to starting the zygote's life.»

Now, by recreating the chemistry of those early gas clouds in the lab, researchers have determined the rate at which hydrogen atoms and negative hydrogen ions combined in the primordial soup.

Specifically, they measured hydrogen and its isotope, deuterium (hydrogen with an extra neutron in its nucleus) with ion microprobes, which use a focused beam of ions to sputter ions from a small rock sample into a mass spectrometer.

The cosmos as we know it started to take shape when atoms and ions paired up to form molecular hydrogen, which expelled heat out of the gas clouds, allowing them to cool down enough to form the first stars.

Development of neutral beam injection (NBI) heating system utilizing a hydrogen / deuterium (H / D) negative ion source, is significant for a fusion plasma reactor, which is one of the potential solutions to future energy - resource problems.

In particular, a charged molecule called hydronium, which has three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen ion, can transform into water (plus an independent hydrogen atom) if it captures a free - floating electron.

The team will then shoot beams of various neutron - rich ions at a plastic target full of deuterium, a heavy form of hydrogen in which the nucleus contains a proton and a neutron.

Ordinary «bulk» silicon with high concentrations of hydrogen implanted in the crystal lattice showed some promise, but to «dope» silicon in this way meant bombarding it with ion beams, which damages it.

«The fact that this high - speed flickering was observed at the same time as flickering with a typical 1/10 second period may mean that the flickering aurora was caused by «electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves» (* 2), which are affected by both oxygen and hydrogen ions.»

Carbonic acid dissociated to form hydrogen ions, which found their way into the structures of weathering minerals, and bicarbonate, which was carried down rivers and streams to be deposited as limestone and other minerals in ocean sediments.

A type of wave that can exist in a plasma (such as the region of space above Earth's aurora), which vibrates at an ion cyclotron frequency that corresponds to the ion type present (oxygen, helium, hydrogen, etc.).

Through decades of research into heavy ion fusion, AFRD has long experience with induction accelerators — as does Livermore, which began building them in the 1960s for research into thermonuclear fusion (for applications such as hydrogen bombs).

Heat is transferred by radiation — ions of hydrogen and helium emit photons, which travel a brief distance before being reabsorbed by other ions.

On the seabed, dissolved iron (II) ions have combined with the hydrogen sulphide to form iron sulphides, for example pyrite, FeS2, which is unstable when the moist wood is exposed to oxygen: FeS2 (s) + 7 / 2O2 + (n +1) H2O → FeSO4 · n (H2O)(s) + H2SO4 (aq)

Tour's scientific research areas include nanoelectronics, graphene electronics, silicon oxide electronics, carbon nanovectors for medical applications, green carbon research for enhanced oil recovery and environmentally friendly oil and gas extraction, graphene photovoltaics, carbon supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, CO2 capture, water splitting to H2 and O2, water purification, carbon nanotube and graphene synthetic modifications, graphene oxide, carbon composites, hydrogen storage on nanoengineered carbon scaffolds, and synthesis of single - molecule nanomachines which includes molecular motors and nanocars.

-- Beta alanine — It reduces the effect of burning in the muscles while training.Beta alanine helps buffer the acidity produced by hydrogen ion accumulation during the workout, which means delayed muscular fatique.Your pre-workout should contain a minimum of 1g beta - alanine per serving.

Our need to buffer these hydrogen ions generates extra carbon dioxide which we expel from our lungs.

Also, the part that we fail to absorb becomes food for the beneficial bacteria, which they ferment to manufacture many beneficial chemicals, including propionate, acetate, butyrate, and lactic acid, which inhibits the bad bacteria by attacking them with hydrogen ions (acid).

That makes it alkaline, with about 2.5 times fewer hydrogen ions in a given fluid volume than pure (unnatural, mineral - free) water, which has neutral pH of 7.

This includes molecules like lactate, hydrogen ions and creatine amongst others, which stimulate the release of muscle building hormones like testosterone and growth hormone.

As your muscles fatigue during a set, they need time to clear metabolic byproducts — hydrogen ions and lactate — which takes time.

Apart from the salt, ocean air also contains negatively charged ions of hydrogen, which is great for improved oxygen absorption, as well as your energy levels.

Acid rain, which is the type of rain that possesses high levels of hydrogen ions, still has noxious and vile effects on streams, lakes, forests, aquatic animals, infrastructure and plants.

When the electron is lost it becomes the positive ion of hydrogen — which can be and is described by my reputable source as a free proton.

This study projects contrasting seasonal changes of the hydrogen ion concentration, pH, and carbonate saturation state, which will exacerbate and ameliorate ocean acidification impacts.

Carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates to form bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions (H +), so that increasing concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere have been decreasing the pH (acidifying) of the surface ocean (NRC, 2010c).

1) M&W used the first, not realizing that those aren't the exact words from Bradley, which is «major ions and isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen», which is parsed (major ions) and (isotopes of H and O), because «major ions» in thsi context has a specific meaning and it has nothing to do with H&O.

To date, much of the focus of ocean acidification research has been on the response of calcifiers, both algae and invertebrates, to the changing carbonate system, with a particular preoccupation on one property: the hydrogen ion concentration [H +], which is frequently reported as pH owing to the relative ease of its measurement.

Diving into the composition of the material, they found that the primary components of packing peanuts are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen — at which point the team came upon the idea of trying to find a way to use the carbon to create an anode for a lithium ion battery.