The phrase
"hydrogen molecules" refers to tiny particles made up of two hydrogen atoms bonded together.
Full definition
It is even hot enough to break up
hydrogen molecules into atomic hydrogen which causes the atmosphere to act more like the atmosphere of a low - mass star than like a planetary atmosphere.
When water molecules rise high in an atmosphere, ultraviolet radiation split the water molecules into its component gases, oxygen and hydrogen, and the
lighter hydrogen molecules escape into space.
With the icy planets in our solar system, «ice» refers to
hydrogen molecules connected to lighter elements, such as carbon, oxygen and / or nitrogen.
These shock waves, in turn, heat some of the gas — composed mainly
of hydrogen molecules — to thousands of degrees.
Studies of
hydrogen molecules in the Venusian atmosphere by NASA's Pioneer - Venus probe indicate that the planet once had liquid water on its surface, perhaps even expansive oceans.
«We found that even at temperatures as low as minus 300 degrees F these platinum atoms were capable of
splitting hydrogen molecules into atoms, indicating that the platinum atoms would be very good at activating hydrogen for a chemical reaction,» Sykes said.
Sung June Cho, a chemist at the Korean Institute of Energy Research in Taejon, suspected that the storage capabilities of nanotubes could result in part from their ability to conduct electrical charges, which may help
hydrogen molecules adhere.
James O'Donoghue at the University of Leicester, UK, and his colleagues used the Keck II Telescope in Hawaii to observe radiation from electrically
charged hydrogen molecules in Saturn's upper atmosphere, or ionosphere.
And because
hydrogen molecules consist of just a handful of particles, compared with the larger caesium atoms used in atomic clocks, it would be easier to do theoretical calculations and compare them with real experiments, the team says.
This technology
bonds hydrogen molecules within a carrier oil, eliminating the need for expensive pressure storage solutions or refrigeration units for liquid hydrogen.
For safety, the lower explosion limit for hydrogen gas is 4 vol % so sensors should be able to detect the colorless and odorless
hydrogen molecule quickly.
Hydrogenation is an industrial process
where hydrogen molecules are introduced to the oil to make it solid at room temperatures.
By systematically using an array of spectroscopic techniques and other tools, Ertl was able to reveal the complete 7 - step process whereby nitrogen and
hydrogen molecules land on an iron surface, break apart, and react to form ammonia.
Instead of a hydrophilic alcohol group (an oxygen -
hydrogen molecule bound to a hydrogen - saturated carbon atom), the final lignin polymer contained a hydrophobic aldehyde group (a carbon atom double - bonded to an oxygen atom).
The color difference occurs because Earth's auroras are dominated by excited nitrogen and oxygen molecules, and Saturn's auroras are dominated by
excited hydrogen molecules.
Since stars are born when dense clouds of
hydrogen molecules collapse, the rate of star formation and the availability of molecular hydrogen, the fuel for star formation, are inextricably linked.
In this latest study from a team of physicists at the University of Edinburgh, researchers used a pair of diamonds to
squeeze hydrogen molecules to record pressures, while analysing their behaviour.
Each cluster consists of
hydrogen molecules arranged around a negatively charged hydrogen ion — a single hydrogen atom with an extra electron — at temperatures near absolute zero, the researchers report in the Dec. 30 Physical Review Letters.
When the scientists tracked the pattern of emissions of a
particular hydrogen molecule consisting of three hydrogen atoms (rather than the usual two), they expected to see a uniform planet - wide infrared glow.
Not long after, in 1987, he became interested in the collisions
affecting hydrogen molecules of interstellar gas clouds where stars are born.
Why It Matters: Reducing our nation's reliance on fossil fuels relies on creating technologies to quickly and efficiently convert the power generated at wind farms and other sources into a use - any - time fuel, such
as hydrogen molecules.
Unlike most clathrate hydrates, where only one molecule of a gas can be trapped in each of the H2O cages,
multiple hydrogen molecules were entrapped in this material.
Trans fats are a type of artificially produced unsaturated fats also known as hydrogenated fats, created by a chemical process that involves
pumping hydrogen molecules into vegetable oils.
This technology would enable the conversion of conventional hydrocarbons into highly -
efficient hydrogen molecules underneath the hood for use in a fuel cell that would emit only water vapor from the tailpipe.
A new study by Berkeley Lab researchers at the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP) shows that nearly 90 - percent of the electrons generated by a hybrid material designed to store solar energy in hydrogen are being stored in the
target hydrogen molecules.
The palladium catalyst
splits hydrogen molecules into hydrogen atoms, which can then bind to DEB and form carbon - hydrogen bonds.
The nebula's insides, which appear mushy and red in this view, are made up primarily of ionized gas, while the outer green shell is cooler, consisting of
glowing hydrogen molecules.
Results: Few catalysts are energy efficient, highly active, stable and operate in water, but a nickel - based catalyst designed at the Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory quickly produces
hydrogen molecules in solutions with 75 percent water.
James O'Donoghue at the University of Leicester, UK, used the Keck II Telescope in Hawaii to observe radiation from electrically
charged hydrogen molecules in Saturn's upper atmosphere, or ionosphere.
By necessity (the laws of chemical combination) they are destined to become
a hydrogen molecule.
Hydrogen molecules aren't the best coolant, but they are good enough to enable giant gas clouds, millions of times as massive as the sun, to fall in on themselves.
This hot gas excited the cool, five - kilometer - per - second breeze of
hydrogen molecules and heavier elements emanating from Mira, causing it to glow in the ultraviolet.
To their surprise, the ice bubbled like boiling water at temperatures between -210 C / -346 F and -120 C / -184 F. Analysis of the gas showed it to be
hydrogen molecules, which the researchers believe were formed from methanol and ammonia broken up by UV irradiation.