«This condition, called «graywater -
induced hydrophobicity,» is likely temporary and disappears quickly following rainwater or freshwater irrigation events,» says Prof. Gross.
The team modified a n - type conjugated polymer with semi-fluoroalkyl side chains — which are found to have several unique properties, such
as hydrophobicity, rigidity, thermal stability, chemical and oxidative resistance, and the ability to self - organize.
In the study, the researchers examined how graywater induces
soil hydrophobicity, as well as its degree and persistence.
The result was that only the raw graywater irrigated soil
showed hydrophobicity, which could be mitigated with both moderately and highly treated solutions.
This allowed them to investigate the phenomena of hydrophilicity and
hydrophobicity at the molecular level, i.e. why certain parts of organic molecules attract or repel water.
«By substituting carbon for fluorine, we have created a two - dimensional material with
high hydrophobicity, like Teflon.
In addition, the influence of the protein will now be governed by several key parameters such
as hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the side chains and steric hindrance.
«Our experiments show that hydrophilicity and
hydrophobicity can be traced back to molecular level,» says Karina Morgenstern.
The engineering involved modifying amino acid content (they contain just two different amino acids), peptide length, charge, and
hydrophobicity.
Looking at several PAHs simultaneously, we observed that the mass transfer enhancement increased with
the hydrophobicity of the PAHs.
However,
the hydrophobicity and lower surface energy of the silicon - containing polymer block prevents the lamellar structure from forming with a perpendicular orientation that is vital for line patterning lithography.
Furthermore, we use
the hydrophobicity scales of Whimley & White, and Engelman, Seitz and Goldman.
Claussen said the energy density of the laser processing can be adjusted to tune the degree of
hydrophobicity and conductivity of the printed graphene circuits.
And that's what induces
the hydrophobicity.»