The exact greenhouse gas emissions from one of
these hydropower reservoirs is going to vary from project to project, but in one example in Peru cited in the same article linked above emissions from electricity generation were three and a half times those if the electricity had been generated from oil (which is only slightly better than using coal).
When it comes to the greenhouse gases emitted from
hydropower reservoirs though, some new research published in Nature Geoscience shows that concern may be overblown.
Proposed changes to the way countries» climate budgets are calculated aim to take greenhouse gas emissions from
hydropower reservoirs into account, but some experts worry that they will not go far enough.
In terms of energy, all energy (except nuclear) comes ultimately from the sun (fossil fuels,
hydropower reservoirs, etc are just convenient storage repositories of the sun's energy).
New research now suggests that one more effect may be added to the list: carbon emissions from islands created by
hydropower reservoirs.
Wood decomposition in Amazonian
hydropower reservoirs: An additional source of greenhouse gases
Global NEWS half - degree dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) yield (Harrison et al. 2010) overlaid on existing reservoirs from the GRAND database (Lehner et al. 2011) and
hydropower reservoirs currently either under construction or planned (bottom panel; Zarfl et al. 2015).
Not exact matches
The snow and rain that comes in the cold season runs off into
reservoirs, where it is stored for drinking water, agriculture,
hydropower and other uses.
After all, preparing for floods means lowering water levels in the
reservoir to allow for extra water, resulting in reduced
hydropower output.
In Brazil, for example, there are cases of small
hydropower dams producing the same amount of power, but varying greatly in the sizes of
reservoirs behind them.
Surplus power could be used for charging electric vehicles and for «pumped storage,» where water is pumped uphill into a
reservoir to produce
hydropower later.
That «could translate into a drop in water supply for meeting irrigation demands and adversely impact
hydropower operations at
reservoirs,» the Interior Department said recently.
«We synthesized all known estimates from
reservoirs globally, for
hydropower and other functions, like flood control and irrigation,» said Bridget Deemer, the study's first author and a researcher with Washington State University.
«Sectors such as
hydropower production, infrastructure operation, or water management [
reservoirs] will be directly affected.
When the wind and solar power are in excess in the United States, water would be stored in Canada's
reservoirs to produce
hydropower during periods of lower wind and solar energy.
In addition,
reservoir surface area is likely to increase substantially in coming decades given the 847 large
hydropower projects (more than 100 MW) and 2853 smaller projects (more than 1 MW) that are currently planned or under construction (Zarfl et al. 2015).
Assuming each of the 847 large
hydropower projects that are planned or under construction has an equivalent surface area, this would constitute 225,691 km2 of additional
reservoir surface area, nearly doubling current
reservoir surface - area estimates.
With the need for better global water management and the push for expanded global
hydropower capacity, careful siting of new
reservoirs, and revising management of existing ones may help balance the positive ecosystem services that
reservoirs provide against the GHG emission costs.
Run - of - river configurations were selected for the Rio Madeira
hydropower plants because they virtually eliminate the need for
reservoirs and the subsequent flooding of land, greatly reducing the environmental footprint.
Hydropower projects encompass dam projects with
reservoirs, run - of - river and in - stream projects and range from small to large scale.
Storing more water in
reservoirs and refilling them earlier can help salmon at the expense of a small decline in
hydropower capacity.11
The more water that flows out of the mountains earlier, the more likely that
reservoir capacity may not meet competing demands for
hydropower and stream flow to support salmon.11 Lower water levels and warmer water temperatures in summer degrade stream habitat for salmon in the Northwest.
Numerous peer - reviewed publications describe implications of recent increases, but likely longer - term declines, in water input from glacial rivers to
reservoirs and therefore
hydropower resources.67, 5,68
Glaciers supply about half of the total freshwater input to the Gulf of Alaska.68 Glacier retreat currently increases river discharge and
hydropower potential in south central and southeast Alaska, but over the longer term might reduce water input to
reservoirs and therefore
hydropower resources.67
Hydropower dams can contribute to global warming pollution: When a forest is cut down to make way for a dam and
reservoir, those trees are no longer available to absorb the carbon dioxide added by fossil fuels.
Other flexible low - carbon resources could include geothermal and
hydropower dams with large
reservoirs.
(California's Oroville Reservoir, like most major state
reservoirs, is approaching record low levels, reducing
hydropower and water available to users.
[Translate] By Paul Brown, Climate News Network Dams create huge
reservoirs for
hydropower plants in Norway.