The study, Effects of beta -
hydroxybutyrate on cognition in memory - impaired adults, dates back to 2003.
Not exact matches
Eric Verdin's lab published a fascinating paper in Science
on β -
hydroxybutyrate, a metabolite produced during fasting and exercise.
It's best if you keep taking the Calcium + Magnesium + Sodium + Potassium + Beta -
Hydroxybutyrate (Keto Salts)
on a regular basis.
In humans, acute (measured after one to two ER - days) 33, 37, 48 and post-treatment 41, 48 increases in ketone bodies including Î ² -
hydroxybutyrate have been reported in individuals undergoing IER (75 - 100 % ER
on restricted days).
Studies in rodents have additionally described post-treatment elevations in the rate of fatty acid oxidation within both the liver and skeletal muscle of mice maintained
on IER (100 % ER / alternate days).13 In a comparison of CER (40 % ER / day) and IER (100 % ER / alternate days), the authors of this 20 - week study noted a doubling in the Î ² -
hydroxybutyrate levels (a marker of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation) in IER - fed mice which was not present in the CER group.15 Both IER and CER interventions led to comparable reductions in fasting levels of glucose and insulin.
So if you have extra beta -
hydroxybutyrate coming in at that point, unless you are planning
on doing a very intense hybrid mix of anaerobic and aerobic activity, I don't see a whole lot of benefit, especially if you're already showing a lot of acetoacetate.
Researchers at the Yale School of Medicine conducted a study
on mice in 2015 and found that beta -
hydroxybutyrate (BHB) produced by fasting inhibits NLRP3, the set of proteins known as the inflammasome.
By inhibiting lipolysis with niacin, acipimox, or beta -
hydroxybutyrate, the body is forced to rely more heavily
on glycogen and this is reflected in higher plasma lactate.
Specifically, the brain shifts from being primarily dependent
on glucose, to being primarily dependent
on beta -
hydroxybutyrate.»
In a study involving dietary ketosis via a low carbohydrate diet (less than 10 percent of total calories), compared to subjects
on a 50 percent carbohydrate diet, the low - carbohydrate subjects demonstrated better performance
on memory tests, with higher scores being correlated to higher serum KB levels.14 A study using cultured mouse hippocampal cells showed that addition of the KB β -
hydroxybutyrate (β - OHB) to cells exposed to Aβ resulted in no decrease in the numbers of dendrites or total neurons — two of the noted pathological changes in AD.
The main units of energy
on a ketogenic diet are ketone bodies, of which beta
hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is the main player!
Beta -
hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is produced when fasting, restricting calories, or
on a ultra-low carbohydrate ketogenic diet.
[1] An additional check
on cholesterol synthesis in the fasting state is the activation of AMPK by the ketone body B -
hydroxybutyrate.
They define ketosis as a blood beta -
hydroxybutyrate level between 0.5 and 3 mM (check out reference # 13 for more
on ketosis).
This significant clinical improvement was considered to be secondary to improved mitochondrial function, since ketone bodies (specifically, beta -
hydroxybutyrate or BHB) have been shown to protect against the toxic effects of β - amyloid
on neurons in culture (Kashiwaya et al., 2000).