Often there are laboratory changes in the blood tests consistent
with hyperadrenocorticism such as an increase in liver tests such as the alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase (used to be the SGPT) and cholesterol.
Other less common causes of hypertension are Cushing's Disease (also
called Hyperadrenocorticism) which indicates a problem with the adrenal glands, diabetes mellitus, and a tumor in the adrenal glands (pheochromocytoma).
Kaplan AJ, Peterson ME, Kemmpainen RJ: Effects of nonadrenal disease on the results of diagnostic tests
for hyperadrenocorticism in dogs.
Such is the case with Cushing's disease, also known
as hyperadrenocorticism, the production of excess hormones from the adrenal glands.
PRECAUTIONS: Use of topical otic corticosteroids has been associated with adrenocortical suppression and
iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism in dogs (see ANIMAL SAFETY on label).
The most common clinical signs of
feline hyperadrenocorticism are polydipsia (increased drinking), polyuria (increased urination), and polyphagia (increased eating).
In cases of pituitary tumors
causing hyperadrenocorticism that are medically managed, the treatment needs monitoring and life expectancy is variable from days to ten years but averaging less than three years.
Peterson ME, Ferguson DC, Kintzer PP, Drucker WD: Effects of spontaneous
hyperadrenocorticism on serum thyroid hormone concentrations in the dog.
• Adrenal -
based hyperadrenocorticism: This condition develops when an adrenal tumor causes an overproduction of glucocorticoids.
Grant 01602 (2012) Longitudinal Study Investigating the Progression and Pathogenesis of
Atypical Hyperadrenocorticism in Scottish Terriers Kurt Zimmerman; Virginia - Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Project Dates: 1/1/2012 to 12/31/2013 Sponsorship Payment: $ 10,000
Adult - onset demodicosis is associated with systemic diseases (
e.g. hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, neoplasia) or with immunosuppressive therapies.
Overactive Adrenal glands (Cushing's disease
= hyperadrenocorticism) or corticosteroid medications often cause low specific gravity urine in dogs.
Some of the hormonal diseases can cause increases in respiratory rates, most
notably hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing's disease) and hypothyroidism, although we don't see increases in respiratory rates very commonly with hypothyroidism.
Diseases that produce marked insulin resistance include acromegaly (growth hormone excess), and more moderate insulin resistance results
from hyperadrenocorticism and hyperthyroidism.
Current Treatment Options of Canine
Hyperadrenocorticism Sylvie Daminet, DVM, PhD, Dip ACVIM, Dip ECVIM - CA Prof. Internal Medicine Dept. Small Animal Medicine Ghent University Salisburylaan 133 B - 9820 Merelbeke Belgium
Feline
Hyperadrenocorticism Reto Neiger, Prof. Dr.med.vet., PhD, DACVIM, DECVIM - CA Small Animal Clinic, Justus - Liebig University Giessen, Germany
Kerl ME, Peterson ME, Wallace MS, Melián C, Kemppainen RJ: Evaluation of a low - dose adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test in clinically normal dogs and dogs with naturally
developing hyperadrenocorticism.
Rosenthal KL, Peterson ME, Quesenberry KE, Hillyer EV, Moroff SD, N. Beeber N, Lothrop CD:
Hyperadrenocorticism associated with adrenocortical tumor or nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal gland in ferrets: 50 cases (1987 - 1991).
Other hormone problems
include Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushings), Diabetes Mellitus (sugar diabetes), and insulonima (causing low blood sugar).
Treatment is never begun on a pet
until hyperadrenocorticism has been confirmed, as the treatment would be harmful to a non-Cushinoid animal.
Most dogs suffer from pituitary -
dependant hyperadrenocorticism, which is when a tumor has grown on the pituitary gland, causing this gland to product excessive amounts of a hormone known as adrencorticotropic (ACTH) hormone which travels through the blood to the adrenal glands.
See GENETICS: Inherited Endocrine System for the following disorders: Canine Diabetes
Mellitus Hyperadrenocorticism & Hypoadrenocorticism Pituitary Dwarfism
The liver of an animal with
hyperadrenocorticism gets overtaxed from trying to process the excess cortisol in circulation throughout the body.
Peterson ME: Diagnostic testing for
hyperadrenocorticism Proceedings of the 19th World Congress (World Small Animal Veterinary Medical Association), pp 283 - 288, 1994
Scavelli TD, Peterson ME, Matthiesen DT: Results of adrenalectomy
for hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia in 26 dogs.
Peterson ME:
Feline hyperadrenocorticism, In: Torrance A.G., s CT (eds), Manual of Canine and Feline Endocrinology (Second Ed), British Small Animal Veterinary Association, pp. 215 - 218, 1998
And as if typical versus
atypical hyperadrenocorticism wasn't confusing enough, the traditional or typical form of the disorder, which involves overproduction of cortisol, also has two types:
Peterson ME, Gilbertson SR, Drucker WD: Plasma cortisol responses to exogenous ACTH in 22 dogs
with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia.
Peterson ME: Medical treatment of pituitary - dependent
hyperadrenocorticism in dogs: Should L - deprenyl (Anipryl) ever be used?