Goals of management include correcting fluid deficits and electrolyte balance associated with severe dehydration, reducing blood glucose via insulin therapy, correcting the hyperglycemic,
hyperosmolar state, and managing concurrent diseases.
The Pre-Workout Supplements world was thrown into the spotlight in 2013 and again in 2015
when hyperosmolar sports supplements were recognised to be contributing a small, but significant number of deaths during marathons.
The need for insulin management is not as critical
with hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome as with ketoacidosis.
Diabetic hyperosmolar (nonketotic) syndrome (DHNS) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that is not commonly observed in the dog.
However,
hyperosmolar syndrome is a potentially serious development in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and can have profound effects on the central nervous system function.
Goals of management include the correction of fluid deficits and electrolyte balance associated with severe dehydration, the reduction of blood glucose via insulin therapy, correction of
the hyperosmolar state and management of concurrent diseases.
Hyperosmolality usually resolves with intravenous isotonic fluid and insulin therapy, although correction of
the hyperosmolar state must be done slowly to minimize the shift of water from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment.