Sentences with phrase «hypothalamus a»

Specifically, the treatment aims to destroy GnRH cells in the hypothalamus that stimulate hormones that control male and female fertility.

O'Connell recently received a $ 1.6 million grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to allow her to continue to investigate the role of the brain — specifically the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH)-- and how it regulates the appetite.

Bidirectional electromagnetic control of the hypothalamus regulates feeding and metabolism.»

Using measures of penile tumescence, the striatum, anterior cingulate, insula, amygdala, occipital cortex, sensorimotor cortex and hypothalamus have been shown to play a role in penile erection [15], [20].

A section of the hypothalamus called the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) lies at the center of the body's master clock and gets input directly from light sensors in the eyes, keeping the rest of the body on schedule.

The aim of this study is to characterize how neurons from the mediobasal hypothalamus respond to a signal of protein availability: the amino acid l - leucine.

Now, a research project co-chaired by Marc Claret, at the August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute — IDIBAPS, and Antonio Zorzano, at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), both members of the CIBERDEM network, reveals the connection between POMC neurons at the hypothalamus and the release of insulin by the pancreas and describes new molecular mechanisms involved in this connection.

His most recent study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on 13 healthy French volunteers to illuminate how cortisol varies during mental and physical tasks, and how cortisol acts on specific brain regions such as the hypothalamus (J Neurol Neurosci, 7:92, 2016).

In the brain, the hypothalamus has been linked to behaviors that are known to be socially contagious, such as yawning, laughing and scratching.

Liu et al. [77] found more robust activation in the hypothalamus in heroin addicts.

The cellular mechanisms underlying this bursting behavior have been studied in vitro, using either acute slices of the adult hypothalamus, or organotypic cultures of neonatal hypothalamic tissue.

- An ex vivo human brain from a 53 - year - old woman who died of non-neurological causes and who had a normal neurological examination prior to death was dissected to a specimen containing the pons, midbrain, thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain (Figure 1).

Additional hypothalamus activations seem to be related to inter-sexual communication of mating preferences [21].

Scientists observed for the first time that this communication between the hypothalamus and the pancreas depends on the activity of the protein Mitofusin 1 and are starting to understand some molecular details of this connection.

Reducing Cadm1 expression in the hypothalamus and hippocampus promoted a negative energy balance and weight loss.

For brainstem, basal ganglia, cerebellum and limbic system the results were complex or contradictory: in the basal ganglia, brainstem and cerebellum, two studies [53], [59] found that acupuncture was associated with more deactivation while three other studies [15], [57], [60] found acupuncture associated with more activation; thalamus and insula [15], [16], [54], [58] were activated more while hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and temporal pole [53], [54], [58], [59] were deactivated more by acupuncture.

Fluorescence microscopy image of the hypothalamus arcuate nucleus with POMC neurons in green (Image: Alicia G Gómez - Valadés).

They describe that the alterations are due to a disproportionate, though transitory, increase in the production of radical oxygen species (ROS) in the hypothalamus.

The hypothalamus is involved in regulating appetite through release of appetite - suppressing hormones.

Specifically, there is a small group of hypothalamus neurons, called POMC, that detect and integrate signals that inform on the energy state of the organism and activate the appropriate physiological responses.

For example, if the hypothalamus of a mouse doesn't recognize leptin, the animal will overeat, becoming obese.

AAN neurons connect the brainstem to the thalamus, hypothalamus, basal forebrain and cortex, activating cortically based awareness networks.

hypothalamus A region of the brain that controls bodily functions by releasing hormones.

When the levels of ROS in the hypothalamus are restored in the laboratory, the pancreas starts to secrete the correct levels of insulin again.

One part of the brain involved in choosing when and how much to eat is the hypothalamus.

In the hypothalamus, inhibits leptin - induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mediates cannabinoid - induced increase in SREBF1 and FASN gene expression (PubMed: 25869131).

In the hypothalamus, may have a dual effect on mitochondrial respiration depending upon the agonist dose and possibly upon the cell type.

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) is a neuropeptide hormone, secreted by the hypothalamus, which regulates the synthesis and release of growth hormone by the pituitary.

The location is intimately associated with the visual pathways, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and limbic system, which can cause significant problems with visual, endocrine, and cognitive and psychosocial function, both at presentation and after treatment.

Furthermore, androstadienone has been shown to maintain increased levels of salivary cortisol in women [7], activate hypothalamus in a sex [8] and sexual orientation dependent manner [9], [10], and activate brain areas related to social cognition and attention [11].

In a similar manner, leptin secreted from adipose tissues is received by the hypothalamus, where it acts to alter energy expenditure and food intake [2][3][4][5].

Plenary Address: Eric B. Keverne SubDepartment of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Evolutionary coadaptation of the neuroendocrine hypothalamus and placenta in foetal programming

Gutzler, S.J., Karom, M. Erwin, W.D., and Albers, H.E. Seasonal regulation of social communication by photoperiod and testosterone: effects of arginine - vasopressi, serotonin, and galanin in the medial preoptic area - anterior hypothalamus.

The STAT3, in turn, goes into the nucleus and it binds to a number of genes, and this is particularly happening in the hypothalamus and that we don't know all of the mechanisms, but this activation of the STAT3 transcription factor is key in exerting the leptin signal, and leptin action.

Cell death atlas of the postnatal mouse ventral forebrain and hypothalamus: Effects of age and sex.

Central hypothalamic insulin signaling interfered with negative feedback to the hypothalamus - pituitary - adrenal (HPA) axis in stressed male mice (151), which potentially explains high comorbidity rates of mental and metabolic disorders (see section V.P).

Using mouse recombineering techniques, she is working to unravel the complicated circuitry of the hypothalamus and connected brain areas involved in food intake behavior, neuroendocrine, and autonomic responses to stress.

The medial septal area projects to a large number of brain regions that show theta modulation, including all parts of the hippocampus as well as the entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, medial mamillary and supramamillary nuclei of the hypothalamus, anterior nuclei of the thalamus, amygdala, inferior colliculus, and several brainstem nuclei (Buzsáki, 2002).

Almost all of the cells in our body contain a circadian clock and are mainly controlled by a central circadian pacemaker, located in the hypothalamus of the brain.

His work in mice is currently focused on limbic circuits, including the amygdala and hypothalamus, and their role in aggression.

The weight - reducing effects of leptin, a hormone that signals the size of the body's fat stores, result from interaction with a receptor in the brain's hypothalamus and other tissues, HHMI scientists...

Females have higher estrogen - related POMC, an anorexigenic prohormone synthesized by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which results in important derivates like ACTH and α - melanocyte - stimulating hormone, which influence appetite and energy expenditure (242).

For type 2 theta, the supramamillary nucleus of the hypothalamus appears to exert control (Kirk, 1998).

Overweight / obese males showed accelerated aromatization of androgens to estrogens, inhibiting gonadotropin secretion by activation of estrogen receptors (ERs) of the hypothalamus that promote hypogonadism (78).

The hippocampal theta rhythm depends critically on projections from the medial septal area, which in turn receives input from the hypothalamus and several brainstem areas.

Therefore, the mechanism proposed behind decreased female central insulin sensitivity is a modulation caused by brain estrogen signaling, potentially mediated by estrogen effects on ERα in various regions of the hypothalamus.

By Western blot analysis using rat brain extracts of cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain, and hindbrain, the antibody specifically labels a single band.

They identified 10 candidate genes in the hypothalamus, an area of the brain which helps regulate anxiety.

Enhanced functional connectivity involving the ventromedial hypothalamus following methamphetamine exposure.

Leaving the gut and coming back to the brain, the hypothalamus receives endocrine and neuropeptidergic inputs related to energy metabolism and whether the body requires more food.